Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Nov-Dec;88 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S133-S141.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.05.002. Epub 2021 May 28.

Respiratory sleep disorders, nasal obstruction and enuresis in children with non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence

Fábio Luiz Banhara  1 , Inge Elly Kiemle Trindade  2 , Ivy Kiemle Trindade-Suedam  2 , Marilyse de Bragança Lopes Fernandes  3 , Sergio Henrique Kiemle Trindade  4
Affiliations

Respiratory sleep disorders, nasal obstruction and enuresis in children with non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence

Fábio Luiz Banhara et al. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence patients. Studies have found a probable relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and nasal obstruction and between obstructive sleep apnea and enuresis. Assessment of the relationship between these variables in non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence patients is scarce.

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, nasal obstruction and enuresis, determining the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of these conditions, in schoolchildren with non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence, and describe the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness habitual snoring and voiding dysfunction symptoms associated with enuresis.

Methods: This was a prospective analytical cross-sectional study developed at a reference center. Anthropometric measurements and a structured clinical interview were carried out in a sample of 48 patients. The instruments "sleep disorders scale in children" "nasal congestion index questionnaire" (CQ-5), and the "voiding dysfunction symptom score questionnaire" were used. Statistical analysis was performed for p < 0.05.

Results: Positive "sleep disorders scale in children" scores for obstructive sleep apnea and CQ-5 for nasal obstruction were observed in 38.78% and 16.33%, respectively. Enuresis was reported in 16.33% of children, being characterized as primary in 71.43% and polysymptomatic in 55.55%; according to the "voiding dysfunction symptom score questionnaire". There was a significant relationship between nasal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms (p < 0.05), but no significance was found between obstructive sleep apnea symptoms and enuresis, and between nasal obstruction and enuresis. The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness was 12.24% and of habitual snoring, 48.98%. A family history of enuresis, younger age in years and a positive "voiding dysfunction symptom score questionnaire" score were associated with a higher prevalence of enuresis (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Children with non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence are at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea symptoms and habitual snoring, with a correlation being observed between nasal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms. In addition, the study showed that non-syndromic Pierre Robin sequence, obstructive sleep apnea and nasal obstruction symptoms were not risk factors for enuresis in these patients.

Keywords: Enuresis; Nasal obstruction; Obstructive sleep apnea; Pierre Robin syndrome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Van Lieshout M.J.S., Joosten K.F.M., Koudstaal M.J., Van-der Schroeff M.P., Dulfer K., Mathijssen I.M.J., et al. Management and outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea in children with Robin sequence, a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21:1971–1978. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Izumi K., Konczal L.L., Mitchell A.L., Jones M.C. Underlying genetic diagnosis of Pierre Robin sequence: retrospective chart review at two children’s hospitals and a systematic literature review. J Pediatr. 2012;160:645–650. - PubMed
    1. Daniel M., Bailey S., Walker K., Hensley R., Kol-Castro C., Badawi N., et al. Airway, feeding and growth in infants with Robin sequence and sleep apnea. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77:499–503. - PubMed
    1. Blunden S., Lushington K., Lorenzen B., Ooi T., Fung F., Kennedy D. Are sleep problems under-recognised in general practice? Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:708–712. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huang M.M., Qian Z., Wang J., Vaughn M.G., Lee Y.L., Dong G.H. Validation of the sleep disturbance scale for children and prevalence of parent-reported sleep disorder symptoms in Chinese children. Sleep Med. 2014;15:923–928. - PubMed