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. 2021 Feb 26;12(1):6-16.
doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.1.004. eCollection 2021 Jan-Mar.

Genomic surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Philippines, 2013-2014

Melissa L Masim  1   2 , Silvia Argimón  3   2 , Holly O Espiritu  1 , Mariane A Magbanua  1 , Marietta L Lagrada  1 , Agnettah M Olorosa  1 , Victoria Cohen  3 , June M Gayeta  1 , Benjamin Jeffrey  3 , Khalil Abudahab  3 , Charmian M Hufano  1 , Sonia B Sia  1 , Matthew T G Holden  4 , John Stelling  5 , David M Aanensen  3   6   2 , Celia C Carlos  1   2 ; Philippines Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program
Affiliations

Genomic surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Philippines, 2013-2014

Melissa L Masim et al. Western Pac Surveill Response J. .

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains one of the leading causes of both nosocomial and community infections worldwide. In the Philippines, MRSA rates have remained above 50% since 2010, but resistance to other antibiotics, including vancomycin, is low. The MRSA burden can be partially attributed to pathogen-specific characteristics of the circulating clones, but little was known about the S. aureus clones circulating in the Philippines. We sequenced the whole genomes of 116 S. aureus isolates collected in 2013-2014 within the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program. The multilocus sequence type, spa type, SCCmec type, presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence genes and relatedness between the isolates were all derived from the sequence data. The concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was also determined. The MRSA population in the Philippines comprised a limited number of genetic clones, including several international epidemic clones, such as CC30-spa-t019-SCCmec-IV-PVL+, CC5-SCCmec-typeIV and ST239-spa-t030-SCCmec-typeIII. The CC30 genomes were related to the South-West Pacific clone but formed a distinct, diverse lineage, with evidence of global dissemination. We showed independent acquisition of resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in various locations and genetic clones but mostly in paediatric patients with invasive infections. The concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was 99.68% overall for eight antibiotics in seven classes. We have made the first comprehensive genomic survey of S. aureus in the Philippines, which bridges the gap in genomic data from the Western Pacific Region and will constitute the genetic background for contextualizing prospective surveillance.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Annual resistance rates of S. aureus isolates to nine antibiotics, 2005–2014
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genomic surveillance of S. aureus from the Philippines, 2013–2014
Figure 3
Figure 3
S. aureus from the Philippines in the global context
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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