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. 2021 May 19:8:668901.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.668901. eCollection 2021.

Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With the FTO and FGF21 Gene Variants Among Emirati Adults

Farah Naja  1   2   3 , Leila Itani  4 , Sarah Hammoudeh  2 , Shaista Manzoor  2 , Nada Abbas  3 , Hadia Radwan  1   2 , Maha Saber-Ayad  2   5
Affiliations

Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With the FTO and FGF21 Gene Variants Among Emirati Adults

Farah Naja et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the dietary patterns and their associations with the FTO and FGF21 gene variants among Emirati adults. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, healthy adult male and female Emiratis (n = 194) were recruited from primary health care centers in Sharjah, UAE. Participants completed a 61-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, a saliva sample was obtained for the genetic analysis. Genotyping was performed for FTOrs9939609(A>T), FTOrs9930506(A>G), FGF21 rs838133 (A > G), and FGF21 rs838145 (A > G). Dietary patterns were derived using the principal component analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of dietary patterns with genetic variants. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: "Western": consisting of fast food, sweets, and processed meat; "Traditional Emirati" rich in vegetables, traditional Emirati-mixed-dishes and whole dairy; while whole grains, low-fat dairy, and bulgur were components of the "Prudent" pattern. Subjects carrying the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 were 2.41 times more likely to adhere to the Western pattern compared to subjects with genotype TT (OR:2.41; 95%CI:1.05-5.50). Compared with subjects with A/A, those carrying the G allele of the FTO rs9930506 were more likely to follow a Western diet (OR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.00-4.97). Participants carrying the risk allele (A) of the FGF21 rs838133 were twice more likely to adhere to the Traditional pattern as compared to subjects with genotype GG (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.01-3.57). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested associations among specific FTO and FGF21 gene variants with dietary patterns among Emirati adults. These findings could be used to inform evidence-based targeted nutrition preventive recommendations, especially those aiming to limit intake of western type foods.

Keywords: Emirati; FGF21 gene; FTO gene; UAE; dietary pattern; traditional diet; western diet.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of obesity by gene and risk allele in the study population (n = 194).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scree plot, as derived from the principal component analysis (PCA) of the dietary intake among study population (n = 194).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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