Functionalized gold nanoparticles: promising and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools for HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Functionalized gold nanoparticles are recognized as promising vehicles in the diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) owing to their excellent biocompatibility with biomolecules (like DNA or RNA), their potential for multivalency and their unique optical and structural properties. In this context, this review article focuses on the diverse detection abilities and delivery and uptake methodologies of HIV by targeting genes and proteins using gold nanoparticles on the basis of different shapes and sizes in order to promote its effective expression. In addition, recent trends in gold nanoparticle mediated HIV detection, delivery and uptake and treatment are highlighted considering their cytotoxic effects on healthy human cells.

Fig. 1. Functionalized gold nanoparticle mediated HIV detection and treatment.

Fig. 2. Unmodified AuNPs for the colorimetric detection of HIV-1 RNase H activity.

Fig. 3. Application of the split aptamer for the analysis of HIV-1 proteins. HIV-1 Tat, p24, and Nef were analysed.

Fig. 4. Depiction of the quantitative detection of HIV-1 particles via immunoassay configuration with the LSPR technique.

Fig. 5. Addition of HRP onto AuNP–CaCO₃ hybrid and detection of deferiprone using the electrochemical method.

Fig. 6. Generation of antigen specific T cell response and secretion of cytokines via P1@HM induced MDDCs.