Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study

B Chaarani¹, S Hahn², N Allgaier², S Adise², M M Owens², A C Juliano², D K Yuan², H Loso², A Ivanciu², M D Albaugh², J Dumas², S Mackey², J Laurent², M Ivanova², D J Hagler³, M D Cornejo⁴, S Hatton³, A Agrawal⁵, L Aguinaldo³, L Ahonen⁶, W Aklin⁷, A P Anokhin⁵, J Arroyo⁸, S Avenevoli⁹, D Babcock¹⁰, K Bagot¹¹, F C Baker¹², M T Banich¹³, D M Barch⁵, H Bartsch¹⁴, A Baskin-Sommers¹⁵, J M Bjork¹⁶, D Blachman-Demner¹⁷, M Bloch¹⁸, R Bogdan⁵, S Y Bookheimer¹⁹, F Breslin²⁰, S Brown³, F J Calabro⁶, V Calhoun^{13

21}, B J Casey¹⁵, L Chang²², D B Clark⁶, C Cloak²², R T Constable¹⁵, K Constable⁷, R Corley¹³, L B Cottler²³, S Coxe²⁴, R K Dagher²⁵, A M Dale³, M Dapretto¹⁹, R Delcarmen-Wiggins²⁶, A S Dick²⁴, E K Do¹⁶, N U F Dosenbach⁵, G J Dowling⁷, S Edwards²², T M Ernst²², D A Fair²⁷, C C Fan⁵, E Feczko²⁷, S W Feldstein-Ewing²⁷, P Florsheim²⁸, J J Foxe²⁹, E G Freedman²⁹, N P Friedman¹³, S Friedman-Hill⁹, B F Fuemmeler¹⁶, A Galvan¹⁹, D G Gee¹⁵, J Giedd³, M Glantz⁷, P Glaser⁵, J Godino³, M Gonzalez³⁰, R Gonzalez²⁴, S Grant⁷, K M Gray³¹, F Haist³, M P Harms⁵, S Hawes²⁴, A C Heath³, S Heeringa³², M M Heitzeg³², R Hermosillo²⁷, M M Herting³³, J M Hettema¹⁶, J K Hewitt¹³, C Heyser³, E Hoffman⁷, K Howlett⁷, R S Huber³⁴, M A Huestis³⁵, L W Hyde³², W G Iacono³⁶, M A Infante³, O Irfanoglu³⁷, A Isaiah²², S Iyengar³⁸, J Jacobus³, R James¹⁶, B Jean-Francois²⁵, T Jernigan³, N R Karcher⁵, A Kaufman¹⁸, B Kelley³⁹, B Kit⁴⁰, A Ksinan¹⁶, J Kuperman³, A R Laird²⁴, C Larson²⁸, K LeBlanc⁷, C Lessov-Schlagger⁵, N Lever²², D A Lewis⁶, K Lisdahl²⁸, A R Little⁷, M Lopez⁷, M Luciana³⁶, B Luna⁶, P A Madden⁵, H H Maes¹⁶, C Makowski³, A T Marshall³⁰, M J Mason⁴¹, J Matochik⁸, B D McCandliss⁴², E McGlade³⁴, I Montoya⁷, G Morgan¹⁸, A Morris⁴³, C Mulford⁷, P Murray⁸, B J Nagel²⁷, M C Neale¹⁶, G Neigh¹⁶, A Nencka⁴⁴, A Noronha⁸, S J Nixon²³, C E Palmer³, V Pariyadath⁷, M P Paulus²⁰, W E Pelham²⁴, D Pfefferbaum¹², C Pierpaoli⁴⁵, A Prescot³⁴, D Prouty¹², L I Puttler³², N Rajapaske²⁵, K M Rapuano¹⁵, G Reeves²², P F Renshaw³⁴, M C Riedel²⁴, P Rojas²⁴, M de la Rosa²⁴, M D Rosenberg⁴⁶, M J Ross⁴⁷, M Sanchez²⁴, C Schirda⁶, D Schloesser¹⁷, J Schulenberg³², K J Sher⁴⁸, C Sheth³⁴, P D Shilling³, W K Simmons²⁰, E R Sowell³⁰, N Speer¹³, M Spittel¹⁷, L M Squeglia³¹, C Sripada³², J Steinberg¹⁶, C Striley²³, M T Sutherland²⁴, J Tanabe¹³, S F Tapert³, W Thompson³, R L Tomko³¹, K A Uban⁴⁹, S Vrieze³⁶, N E Wade³, R Watts¹⁵, S Weiss⁷, B A Wiens²³, O D Williams²⁴, A Wilbur¹², D Wing³, D Wolff-Hughes¹⁷, R Yang³, D A Yurgelun-Todd³⁴, R A Zucker³², A Potter², H P Garavan⁵⁰; ABCD Consortium

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. melmarsr@uvm.edu.
² Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
³ University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁴ Institute of Physics UC, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Pontificia, Chile.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
⁶ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁷ National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁸ National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁹ National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁰ National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹¹ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
¹² SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
¹³ University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹⁴ Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
¹⁵ Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁶ Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
¹⁷ NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁸ National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁹ University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
²⁰ Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
²¹ Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
²² University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
²³ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
²⁴ Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
²⁵ National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²⁶ NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²⁷ Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
²⁸ University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
²⁹ University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
³⁰ Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³¹ Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
³² University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
³³ University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³⁴ University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
³⁵ Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
³⁶ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
³⁷ National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA.
³⁸ National Endowment for the Arts, Washington DC, USA.
³⁹ National Institute of Justice, Washington DC, USA.
⁴⁰ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴¹ University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
⁴² Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
⁴³ Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
⁴⁴ Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
⁴⁵ Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴⁶ University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
⁴⁷ University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
⁴⁸ University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
⁴⁹ University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. hgaravan@uvm.edu.

PMID: 34099922
PMCID: PMC8947197
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9

Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study

B Chaarani et al. Nat Neurosci. 2021 Aug.

. 2021 Aug;24(8):1176-1186.

doi: 10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. melmarsr@uvm.edu.
² Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
³ University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁴ Institute of Physics UC, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Pontificia, Chile.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
⁶ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁷ National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁸ National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁹ National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁰ National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹¹ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
¹² SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
¹³ University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
¹⁴ Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
¹⁵ Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁶ Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
¹⁷ NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁸ National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁹ University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
²⁰ Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
²¹ Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
²² University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
²³ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
²⁴ Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
²⁵ National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²⁶ NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²⁷ Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
²⁸ University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
²⁹ University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
³⁰ Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³¹ Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
³² University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
³³ University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³⁴ University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
³⁵ Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
³⁶ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
³⁷ National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA.
³⁸ National Endowment for the Arts, Washington DC, USA.
³⁹ National Institute of Justice, Washington DC, USA.
⁴⁰ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴¹ University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
⁴² Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
⁴³ Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
⁴⁴ Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
⁴⁵ Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴⁶ University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
⁴⁷ University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
⁴⁸ University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
⁴⁹ University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. hgaravan@uvm.edu.

PMID: 34099922
PMCID: PMC8947197
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9

Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study^® is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N = 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N = 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N = 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
Schematics of the Stop Signal Task (a), the Emotional N-back task (b) and the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (c) (from Casey et al., 2018). ITI = Inter-trial interval; RT = Reaction time; SSD = Stop signal delay; SS = Stop signal.

**Figure 2.**
The distribution of behavioral performance measures and beta weights in the sample. Top quadrants: The distribution of Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) (a) and 0-back and 2-back and D-prime (b,c) behavioral performance measures in the sample. Bottom quadrants: The distribution of average local maxima beta weights in the sample within task-specific regions commonly known to be involved in SST (d,e), EN-back (f) and MID (g) tasks. Sample Sizes: SST (N=5,547), EN-back (N=6,009), and MID (N=6,657).

**Figure 3.**
SST’s activation maps, performance correlation maps and group-level spatial consistency at cortical and subcortical levels. Cohen’s d maps are thresholded at ≥ 0.2 in magnitude to only display small, medium, and large effect sizes. No thresholding is applied to the correlation maps. N=5,547.

**Figure 4.**
EN-back’s working memory activation maps, performance correlation maps and group-level spatial consistency at cortical and subcortical levels. Cohen’s d maps are thresholded at ≥ 0.2 in magnitude to only display small, medium, and large effect sizes. No thresholding is applied to the correlation maps. N=6,009.

**Figure 5.**
EN-back’s emotional activation maps, performance correlation maps and group-level spatial consistency at cortical and subcortical levels. Cohen’s d maps are thresholded at ≥ 0.2 in magnitude to only display small, medium, and large effect sizes. No thresholding is applied to the correlation maps. N=6,009.

**Figure 6.**
MID’s activation maps and group-level spatial consistency at cortical and subcortical levels. Cohen’s d maps are thresholded at ≥ 0.2 in magnitude to only display small, medium, and large effect sizes. N=6,657.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study

Affiliations

Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

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LinkOut - more resources

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Research Materials