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. 2021 Apr 28;45(2):362-376.
doi: 10.3906/kim-2004-82. eCollection 2021.

Removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) by adsorption onto natural clay: a kinetic and thermodynamic study

Brahim Abbou  1 , Imane Lebkiri  1 , Hanae Ouaddari  2 , Lamya Kadiri  1 , Abdelkarim Ouass  1 , Amar Habsaoui  1 , Ahmed Lebkiri  1 , El Housseine Rifi  1
Affiliations

Removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) by adsorption onto natural clay: a kinetic and thermodynamic study

Brahim Abbou et al. Turk J Chem. .

Abstract

In this work, we study the elimination of three bivalent metal ions (Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+) by adsorption onto natural illitic clay (AM) collected from Marrakech region in Morocco. The characterization of the adsorbent was carried out by X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of physicochemical parameters on the clay adsorption capacity for ions Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+, namely the adsorbent dose, the contact time, the initial pH imposed on the aqueous solution, the initial concentration of the metal solution and the temperature, was studied. The adsorption process is evaluated by different kinetic models such as the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich. The adsorption mechanism was determined by the use of adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Experiments have shown that heavy metals adsorption kinetics onto clay follows the same order, the pseudo-second order. The isotherms of adsorption of metal cations by AM clay are satisfactorily described by the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacities obtained from the natural clay, using the Langmuir isotherm model equation, are 5.25, 13.41, and 15.90 mg/g, respectively for Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) ions. Adsorption of heavy metals on clay is a spontaneous and endothermic process characterized by a disorder of the medium. The values of ΔH are greater than 40 kJ/mol, which means that the interactions between clay and heavy metals are chemical in nature.

Keywords: Clay; FTIR; adsorption; heavy metals; isotherm; thermodynamic.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: none declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
X-ray diffraction pattern of AM clay. (A = albite; I = illite; K= kaolinite; V = vermiculite; Q = quartz).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Infrared spectrum of AM clay.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evolution of heavy metal removal efficiency as a function of AM clay dose.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of time on the adsorption efficiency of heavy metals onto AM clay.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Variation of removal efficiency of heavy metals as a function of the initial pH of the solution.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Variation in the adsorption capacity of heavy metals as a function of initial concentration.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of temperature on the absorption of metal ions.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of time on the competitive adsorption of heavy metals on AM clay.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Representation of ln(Kd) as a function of (1/T) for the three metals: (a) cadmium, (b) copper, and (c) lead.
Figure 10
Figure 10
FTIR spectrum of AM clay before and after adsorption.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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