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. 2021 May 5:2021:5560891.
doi: 10.1155/2021/5560891. eCollection 2021.

Bovine Hydroxyapatite-Based Bone Scaffold with Gentamicin Accelerates Vascularization and Remodeling of Bone Defect

Aniek S Budiatin  1 , Maria A Gani  2 , Samirah  1 , Chrismawan Ardianto  1 , Aulia M Raharjanti  1 , Indah Septiani  1 , Ni Putu K P Putri  1 , Junaidi Khotib  1
Affiliations

Bovine Hydroxyapatite-Based Bone Scaffold with Gentamicin Accelerates Vascularization and Remodeling of Bone Defect

Aniek S Budiatin et al. Int J Biomater. .

Abstract

Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease which is also a major complication of bone defects. This study aims to determine the effect of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-based bone implants with gentamicin as an antibiotic (BHA-GEL-GEN implant) on the regeneration of bone defects in vivo. The BHA-GEL-GEN and BHA-GEL implants were made by direct compression. In vivo study was carried out with Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: negative control, BHA-GEL implant, and BHA-GEL-GEN implants. The defect model used was the burr hole defect model with diameter 2.2 mm and 2 mm deep. After 2, 7, 14, and 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Bone integrity was carried out using X-ray radiography. Radiological examination was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical techniques with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) antibodies. Based on the radiograph, the implanted group had accelerated bone growth in the defect area. Semiquantitative data from HE staining showed that the implanted group had accelerated migration of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in the defect area. The immunoreactive score showed that the BHA-GEL-GEN group had higher VEGF expression compared to two other groups. The three groups did not provide a significant difference in ALP expression. In conclusion, the BHA-GEL-GEN implant causes accelerated bone defects repair by accelerating tissue vascularity and does not interfere with the bone remodeling process. Therefore, the BHA-GEL-GEN implant is potentially a biomedical material for osteomyelitis therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Radiograph of rat femur. The yellow arrow indicates the location of the defect. The implanted group showed accelerated bone growth in the defect area.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Tangential longitudinal section of rat's femur stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Osteoclasts (blue arrows), osteoblasts (yellow arrows), osteocytes (green arrows), osteoprogenitor cells (red arrows), and cartilage (orange arrows). (b) The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in each group. Each bar represents the mean cell count ± SEM of the two rats observed in at least two different visual fields. ∗p < 0.01 with Kruskal Wallis. aNo cells found.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Tangential longitudinal section of rat's femur stained with anti-VEGF. Osteoblasts expressing VEGF (black arrow). (b) Immunoreactive score (IRS) of VEGF in each group. Each bar represents the mean IRS ± SEM of the two rats observed in at least two different visual fields. ∗P=0.05, ∗∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 with Kruskal Wallis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Tangential longitudinal section of rat's femur stained with anti-ALP. Osteoblasts expressing ALP (red arrow), osteoblasts that did not express ALP (black arrow). (b) Immunoreactive score (IRS) of ALP in each group. Each bar represents the mean IRS ± SEM of the two rats observed in at least two different visual fields. ∗p < 0.05 with Kruskal Wallis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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