Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: a single center experience in Turkey

Abstract

Objective: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new concern emerging as a severe presentation of COVID-19 in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics and short-term outcomes of children diagnosed with MIS-C.

Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 24 patients who were diagnosed with MIS-C between June 1, 2020 and December 1, 2020. A total of 24 (14 male and 10 female) patients were included in the study.

Results: The median age at the diagnosis was 111 (10-180) months. A total of 17 patients had a history of contact with a patient with COVID-19. Among the 24 patients, the most common findings were gastrointestinal involvement (n=20), followed by conjunctivitis (n=12), erythematous rash (n=11), and oral changes (n=10). Cardiovascular involvement was detected in 12 patients, of whom six had systolic dysfunction, four had mild coronary artery involvement, four had pericardial effusion, and three had mitral insufficiency. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulin, and 14 patients were treated with methylprednisolone in addition. Anti-interleukin-1 was given to two patients. The median duration of hospitalization was 8 (5-15) days. A total of 23 patients were discharged and evaluated on the median of 68.5 (52-140) days after discharge. The remaining one patient with dilated cardiomyopathy died after 2 months in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion: Increasing the knowledge on MIS-C will provide clinicians with information on early recognition, evaluation, and management of these patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; Kawasaki disease; MIS-C; MIS-C associated with COVID-19.

Figure 1

Frequency of the number of patients by months

Figure 2

Clinical presentation of patients with MIS-C

Figure 3

Laboratory parameters of patients with MIS-C