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Review
. 2021 Dec;36(1):1258-1267.
doi: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1937144.

Of mitochondrion and COVID-19

Khalid Omer Alfarouk  1   2   3 , Sari T S Alhoufie  4 , Abdelhameed Hifny  5 , Laurent Schwartz  6 , Ali S Alqahtani  7 , Samrein B M Ahmed  8 , Ali M Alqahtani  9 , Saad S Alqahtani  10 , Abdel Khalig Muddathir  11 , Heyam Ali  11 , Adil H H Bashir  12 , Muntaser E Ibrahim  12 , Maria Raffaella Greco  13 , Rosa A Cardone  13 , Salvador Harguindey  14 , Stephan Joel Reshkin  13
Affiliations
Review

Of mitochondrion and COVID-19

Khalid Omer Alfarouk et al. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

COVID-19, a pandemic disease caused by a viral infection, is associated with a high mortality rate. Most of the signs and symptoms, e.g. cytokine storm, electrolytes imbalances, thromboembolism, etc., are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting mitochondrion will represent a more rational treatment of COVID-19. The current work outlines how COVID-19's signs and symptoms are related to the mitochondrion. Proper understanding of the underlying causes might enhance the opportunity to treat COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; cytokine storm; inflammation; mitochondrion; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
How does Amiloride re-equilibrate the cytokine storm via boosting the anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing the proinflammatory cytokines.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Different chemical formula of some of NHE1 inhibitors.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Chemical Structure of lipoic acid: 5-[(3R)-dithiolan-3-yl] pentanoic acid.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Chemical structure of methylene blue: [7-(dimethylamino) phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;chloride.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Chemical Structure of 2DG: (3 R,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The mitochondrion lies within the core of COVID-19 cardinals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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