Clinical predictors of cybersickness in virtual reality (VR) among highly stressed people

Abstract

The use of virtual reality (VR) in the treatment of psychiatric disorders is increasing, and cybersickness has emerged as an important obstacle to overcome. However, the clinical factors affecting cybersickness are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated clinical predictors and adaptation effect of cybersickness during VR application in highly stressed people. Eighty-three healthy adult participants with high stress level were recruited. At baseline, we conducted psychiatric, ophthalmologic, and otologic evaluations and extracted physiological parameters. We divided the participants into two groups according to the order of exposure to VR videos with different degrees of shaking and repetitively administered the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Fast Motion sickness Scale (FMS). There was no significant difference in changes in the SSQ or the FMS between groups. The 40-59 years age group showed a greater increase in FMS compared to the 19-39 years age group. Smoking was negatively associated with cybersickness, and a high Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule score was positively associated with cybersickness. In conclusion, changing the intensity of shaking in VR did not affect cybersickness. While smoking was a protective factor, more expression of affect was a risk factor for cybersickness.

Figure 1

The shaking and dizzy virtual reality (VR) video. The original video (left) was artificially modified for this study by adding a roll swing of the sine waveform at 30 Hz in the Z-axis direction with 0.008°/s for each grade. Then image movements of 0.3°/s (VR with less shaking) and 0.38°/s (VR with more shaking) were made.