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Review
. 2021 Jul;55(4):239-246.
doi: 10.4132/jptm.2021.04.20. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Distinctive morphological and molecular features of urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern

Francesca Sanguedolce  1 , Beppe Calò  2 , Marco Chirico  3 , Ugo Falagario  3 , Gian Maria Busetto  3 , Magda Zanelli  4 , Alessandra Bisagni  4 , Maurizio Zizzo  5   6 , Stefano Ascani  7 , Giuseppe Carrieri  3 , Luigi Cormio  2
Affiliations
Review

Distinctive morphological and molecular features of urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern

Francesca Sanguedolce et al. J Pathol Transl Med. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern (UC-IGP) is a peculiar entity within the spectrum of urothelial lesions. While efforts have been made over the last few decades to unravel its carcinogenesis and relationship with conventional urothelial carcinoma, the exact classification of inverted urothelial lesions is a matter of debate. The morphological features of UC-IGP pose several issues in differential diagnosis with other mostly benign lesions. Various techniques, including immunohistochemistry, UroVysion, and many molecular methods, have been employed to study the exact nature of this lesion. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the morphological and immunophenotypical aspects of UC-IGP. Moreover, we present and discuss the immunohistochemical and molecular markers involved in diagnosis and prognosis of UC-IGP lesions.

Keywords: Immunohistochemistry; Inverted growth pattern; Molecular markers; Urothelial carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Summary of the main morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular differential features of urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern (UC-IGP) and inverted papilloma (IP). CK20, cytokeratin 20; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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