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. 2021 Jun 10;21(1):308.
doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02009-4.

High-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer in Lebanese women and their association with tumor grade: a molecular and tissue microarray study

Karim Nagi  1   2 , Ishita Gupta  3   4   5 , Nawaf Jurdi  6 , Ayesha Jabeen  3   4   5 , Amber Yasmeen  7 , Gerald Batist  7   8 , Semir Vranic  3   4 , Ala-Eddin Al-Moustafa  9   10   11
Affiliations

High-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer in Lebanese women and their association with tumor grade: a molecular and tissue microarray study

Karim Nagi et al. Cancer Cell Int. .

Abstract

Background: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are present and can cooperate with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to initiate and/or enhance the progression of several types of human carcinomas including cervical as well as head and neck; in parallel, it has been recently pointed out that these oncoviruses can be detected in human breast cancers. Thus, we herein explored the presence/co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in breast cancer in Lebanese women.

Methods: A cohort of 102 breast cancer samples and 14 normal breast tissues were assessed for the presence of HPVs and EBV. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in addition to tissue microarray (TMA) platform were used in this study.

Results: We found the presence of HPV in 66/102 (65%) of our samples, while EBV is present in 41/102 (40%) of the cohort. Additionally, our data showed that high-risk HPV types (52, 35, 58, 45, 16 and 51) are the most frequent in breast cancer in Lebanese women. Meanwhile, we report that high-risk HPVs and EBV are co-present in 30/102 (29%) of the samples; more significantly, our results indicate that their co-presence is associated with tumor grade (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: Our data revealed that HPVs and EBV are present/co-present in human breast cancer where they may play an important role in its development and/or progression; thus, we believe that further investigations are essential to confirm and elucidate the presence/co-presence of these oncoviruses and the underlying mechanisms of their interaction in breast carcinogenesis.

Keywords: Breast cancer; EBV; HPV; Lebanese population; Tumor grade.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The distribution of each high-risk HPV subtype in Lebanese breast cancer samples. The PCR analysis included 102 breast cancer samples revealing that the most frequent HPV subtypes are 52, 35, 58, 45, 16 and 51
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A case of invasive ductal carcinoma (upper images, Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) with E6 protein (HPV) expression by immunohistochemistry (lower images)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A case of invasive breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation and focal mucin production (upper images, Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) with a LMP1 protein (EBV) positivity by immunohistochemistry (lower images)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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