Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: a randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo

Abstract

Study objectives: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 weeks of nightly sublingual cannabinoid extract (ZTL-101) in treating chronic insomnia (symptoms ≥3 months).

Methods: Co-primary study endpoints were safety of the medication based on adverse event reporting and global insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]). Secondary endpoints included: self-reported (sleep diary), actigraphy-derived, and polysomnography measurements of sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE); and self-reported assessments of sleep quality (sSQ) and feeling rested upon waking. Adjusted mean differences between placebo and ZTL-101 were calculated.

Results: Twenty-three of 24 randomized participants (n = 20 female, mean age 53 ± 9 years) completed the protocol. No serious adverse events were reported. Forty mild, nonserious, adverse events were reported (36 during ZTL-101) with all but one resolving overnight or soon after waking. Compared to placebo, ZTL-101 decreased ISI (-5.07 units [95% CI: -7.28 to -2.86]; p = 0.0001) and self-reported SOL (-8.45 min [95% CI: -16.33 to -0.57]; p = 0.04) and increased self-reported TST (64.6 min [95% CI: 41.70 to 87.46]; p < 0.0001), sSQ (0.74 units [95% CI: 0.51 to 0.97]; p < 0.0001), and feeling of being rested on waking (0.51 units [95% CI: 0.24 to 0.78]; p = 0.0007). ZTL-101 also decreased actigraphy-derived WASO (-10.2 min [95% CI: -16.2 to -4.2]; p = 0.002), and increased actigraphy-derived TST (33.4 min [95% CI: 23.07 to 43.76]; p < 0.001) and SE (2.9% [95% CI: 2.0 to 3.8]; p = 0.005).

Conclusions: Two weeks of nightly sublingual administration of a cannabinoid extract (ZTL-101) is well tolerated and improves insomnia symptoms and sleep quality in individuals with chronic insomnia symptoms.

Clinical trial: ANZCTR; anzctr.org.au; ACTRN12618000078257.

Keywords: cannabinoids; chronic insomnia; pharmacokinetics.

Figure 1.

CONSORT flow diagram of participants at each phase of the trial.

Figure 2.

Individual (A) and group mean (±SD) (B) ISI scores for all participants (n = 23) at baseline and during treatment with ZTL-101 and placebo.

Figure 3.

Mean plasma concentrations (±SE) for CBD, CBN, THC, and THC-COOH over time after administration of a single dose (n = 9) of ZTL-101. Hours since time of administration (h) and mean time of day (hh:mm) are shown on the x-axis.