Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jan;26(1):471-479.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04021-4. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

In-office tooth bleaching with chitosan-enriched hydrogen peroxide gels: in vitro results

Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini  1 , Marcella Ricomini Piccelli  2 , Waldemir Franscisco Vieira-Junior  3 , Laura Nobre Ferraz  4 , Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar  2 , Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima  2
Affiliations

In-office tooth bleaching with chitosan-enriched hydrogen peroxide gels: in vitro results

Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini et al. Clin Oral Investig. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding chitosan to 35% hydrogen peroxide gels (for in-office bleaching), with or without calcium gluconate, on tooth properties and bleaching efficacy.

Methods: Bovine enamel/dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 2.5 mm) were randomly allocated into groups (n = 10): negative control (unbleached), bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (35% HP, commercial gel); 35% HP with 2% chitosan (% wt) (35% HP + chitosan), 35% HP and calcium (35% HP + Ca, commercial gel), and 35% HP + Ca + 2% chitosan. Variation of surface profile (ΔRa) and color analyses (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) were performed comparing specimens at baseline (initial) and 24 h after of storage in artificial saliva (final). Surface microhardness (KHN) values and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on conclusion. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (KHN), generalized linear models (ΔL*, ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔRa), and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (Δa*, Δb*) (α = 0.05).

Results: Considering ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID values, the bleached groups differed from negative control. For ΔRa, chitosan-based groups showed lower variation in surface roughness compared to 35% HP, without significant difference from negative control. For KHN, chitosan groups did not differ from negative control (unbleached control = chitosan groups > 35% HP + Ca > 35% HP). For SEM, slight surface changes were observed in all bleached groups, but the intensity varied according to gel used (35% HP > gels with Ca > gels with chitosan).

Conclusion: Chitosan-enriched hydrogen peroxide gels can reduce negative impacts on tooth properties without affecting bleaching efficacy.

Clinical relevance: Although commercial gels containing remineralizing agents such as calcium reduce the negative effects on the properties of teeth, the addition of chitosan appears to be a promising approach to preservation of dental properties without interfering in bleaching efficacy.

Keywords: Chitosan; Enamel; Hydrogen peroxide; Tooth bleaching.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Kwon SR, Wertz PW (2015) Review of the mechanism of tooth whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent 27:240–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12152 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Al-Omiri MK, Al Nazeh AA, Kielbassa AM, Lynch E (2018) Randomized controlled clinical trial on bleaching sensitivity and whitening efficacy of hydrogen peroxide versus combinations of hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Sci Rep 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20878-0 - DOI
    1. Topcu FT, Erdemir U, Ozel E et al (2017) Influence of Bleaching Regimen and Time Elapsed on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Enamel. Contemp Clin Dent 8(3):451–458. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_234_17 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Vieira-Junior WF, Lima DANL, Tabchoury CPM et al (2016) Effect of toothpaste application prior to dental bleaching on whitening effectiveness and enamel properties. Oper Dent 41:E29–E38. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-042-L - DOI - PubMed
    1. Vieira I, Vieira WF, Pauli MC et al (2020) Effect of in-office bleaching gels with calcium or fluoride on color, roughness, and enamel microhardness. J Clin Exp Dent 12:e116–e122. https://doi.org/10.4317/JCED.56006 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

LinkOut - more resources