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Review
. 2021 Dec;34(4):297-306.
doi: 10.1007/s00497-021-00419-y. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Regulation of gametangia and gametangiophore initiation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Shohei Yamaoka  1 , Keisuke Inoue  2 , Takashi Araki  3
Affiliations
Review

Regulation of gametangia and gametangiophore initiation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Shohei Yamaoka et al. Plant Reprod. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha regulates gametangia and gametangiophore development by using evolutionarily conserved regulatory modules that are shared with angiosperm mechanisms regulating flowering and germ cell differentiation. Bryophytes, the earliest diverged lineage of land plants comprised of liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, produce gametes in gametangia, reproductive organs evolutionarily conserved but lost in extant angiosperms. Initiation of gametangium development is dependent on environmental factors such as light, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies showed that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha regulates development of gametangia and stalked receptacles called gametangiophores by using conserved regulatory modules which, in angiosperms, are involved in light signaling, microRNA-mediated flowering regulation, and germ cell differentiation. These findings suggest that these modules were acquired by a common ancestor of land plants before divergence of bryophytes, and were later recruited to flowering mechanism in angiosperms.

Keywords: Gametangiophore; Gametangium; Germ cell; Light signaling; Marchantia polymorpha; microRNA.

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