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Review
. 2021 Jun;5(6):e386-e394.
doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00112-1.

A better classification of wet markets is key to safeguarding human health and biodiversity

Bing Lin  1 , Madeleine L Dietrich  2 , Rebecca A Senior  3 , David S Wilcove  3
Affiliations
Review

A better classification of wet markets is key to safeguarding human health and biodiversity

Bing Lin et al. Lancet Planet Health. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Wet markets have been implicated in multiple zoonotic outbreaks, including COVID-19. They are also a conduit for legal and illegal trade in wildlife, which threatens thousands of species. Yet wet markets supply food to millions of people around the world, and differ drastically in their physical composition, the goods they sell, and the subsequent risks they pose. As such, policy makers need to know how to target their actions to efficiently safeguard human health and biodiversity without depriving people of ready access to food. Here, we propose a taxonomy of wet markets, oriented around the presence of live or dead animals, and whether those animals are domesticated or wild (either captive-reared or wild-caught). We assess the dimensions and levels of risk that different types of wet markets pose to people and to biodiversity. We identify six key risk factors of wet markets that can affect human health: (1) presence of high disease-risk animal taxa, (2) presence of live animals, (3) hygiene conditions, (4) market size, (5) animal density and interspecies mixing, and (6) the length and breadth of animal supply chains. We also identify key factors informing risk to biodiversity. Finally, we recommend targeted, risk-adjusted policies to more efficiently and humanely address the dangers posed by wet markets.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Wet markets, live-animal markets, and wildlife markets Markets are separated on three dimensions on the basis of the condition, type, and intended usage of its animals: alive versus dead, domesticated versus wild, and consumption-oriented versus not consumption-oriented.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Animal markets classified according to the types of goods sold Wet markets sell consumption-oriented, perishable goods, whereas other types of markets sell animals and animal products in other forms, oriented for other purposes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A taxonomy of EID and biodiversity risk across wet market types EID=emerging infectious disease. NA=not applicable.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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