Biological assessment of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer

Abstract

Objectives: This study compared the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and tenascin immunolabeling of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer (Bio-C Sealer) with MTA-Fillapex and white MTA-Angelus.

Materials and methods: L929 fibroblasts were cultivated and exposed to undiluted and diluted material extracts. Polyethylene tubes with or without (the control) the materials were implanted into the dorsa of rats. At 7 days and 30 days, the rats were euthanized, and the specimens were prepared for analysis; inflammation and immunolabeling were measured, and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05).

Results: MTA-Fillapex exhibited greater cytotoxicity than the other materials at all time points (p < 0.05). The undiluted Bio-C Sealer exhibited greater cytocompatibility at 6 and 48 hours than white MTA-Angelus, with higher cell viability than in the control (p < 0.05). White MTA-Angelus displayed higher cell viability than the control at 24 hours, and the one-half dilution displayed similar results at both 6 and 48 hours (p < 0.05). At 7 days and 30 days, the groups exhibited moderate inflammation with thick fibrous capsules and mild inflammation with thin fibrous capsules, respectively (p > 0.05). At 7 days, moderate to strong immunolabeling was observed (p > 0.05). After 30 days, the control and MTA-Fillapex groups exhibited strong immunolabeling, the white MTA-Angelus group exhibited moderate immunolabeling (p > 0.05), and the Bio-C Sealer group exhibited low-to-moderate immunolabeling, differing significantly from the control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Bio-C Sealer and white MTA-Angelus exhibited greater cytocompatibility than MTA-Fillapex; all materials displayed adequate biocompatibility and induced tenascin immunolabeling.

Keywords: Biocompatibility; Cytotoxicity; Hydraulic sealer; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Tenascin.

Figure 1. Cell viability for MTA-Fillapex, Bio-C Sealer, and white MTA-Angelus.

^A-DThe same uppercase letters indicate a lack of statistically significant differences among the materials at the same period and in the same dilution. ^a-cThe same lowercase letters indicate a lack of statistically significant differences among extract dilutions of the same material at the same time point.

Figure 2. Representative images of the tissue response in terms of inflammatory infiltration and immunolabeling of tenascin. (A-L) Under the highest magnification, the white arrowheads indicate inflammatory cells, the yellow arrows indicate blood vessels, and asterisks indicate the fibrous capsule. The blue arrowheads indicate immunolabeling in the cytoplasm of the cells and in the extracellular matrix. At 7 days: (A, E) control, (B, F) MTA-Fillapex, (C, G) Bio-C Sealer, and (D, H) white MTA-Angelus displaying mild inflammatory cell infiltration and a thick fibrous capsule; (I) the control group with strong immunolabeling and (J) MTA-Fillapex, (K) Bio-C Sealer, and (L) the white MTA-Angelus groups with moderate immunolabeling. (M-X) At 30 days: (M, Q) the control, (N, R) MTA-Fillapex, (O, S) Bio-C Sealer, and (P, T) white MTA-Angelus, with mild inflammatory infiltration and a thin fibrous capsule; (U) control and (V) MTA-Fillapex groups with strong immunolabeling, (W) Bio-C Sealer with low immunolabeling, and (X) white MTA-Angelus with moderate immunolabeling. (A-D, M-P) The histological sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin staining (×100 magnification). (E-H, Q-T) The histological sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin staining (×400 magnification). (I-L, U-X) Results of the immunohistochemical analysis with regard to tenascin (×400 magnification).