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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Jun 18;100(24):e26303.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026303.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin D deficiency in different pregnancy on preterm birth: Deficiency in middle pregnancy might be at risk

Rui-Han Lian  1   2 , Ping-An Qi  1   2 , Tao Yuan  3 , Pei-Jing Yan  4 , Wen-Wen Qiu  2 , Ying Wei  1   2 , Ya-Guang Hu  1 , Ke-Hu Yang  5   6 , Bin Yi  1   2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin D deficiency in different pregnancy on preterm birth: Deficiency in middle pregnancy might be at risk

Rui-Han Lian et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Background: Current studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can produce a certain effect for preterm birth (PTB), but there is no research showing whether vitamin D deficiency has a consistent effect in different pregnancies; thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 observational studies, grouping them according to the gestational age at the time of serum sampling, to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency in different periods of gestation has different effects on PTB and to provide an evidence-based basis for pregnant women to measure and supplement vitamin D.

Methods: The databases PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, CBM, and CNKI were searched until February 2020. Two researchers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of studies, and STATA 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis.

Result: Seven cohort studies, 13 case-control studies, and 4 cross-sectional studies were included from 2500 articles by inclusion and exclusion criteria. After adjusting for age, race, and other confounding factors, meta-analysis results showed that vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester, the second trimester, and the third trimester did not increase the risk of PTB (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.88, 1.16), P = .867; OR = 1.12, 95%CI (0.92, 1.37), P = .249; OR = 1.05, 95%CI (0.87, 1.27), P = .602). However, there was moderate heterogeneity in the study of vitamin D deficiency in the second trimester, and subgroup analysis suggested that vitamin D deficiency in the second trimester may increase the risk of PTB (OR = 1.33, 95%CI (1.15, 1.54), P = .000). A sensitivity analysis of the second trimester showed that excluding any 1 study did not significantly change the results.

Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in early and late pregnancy may not be associated with PTB, while vitamin D deficiency in middle pregnancy is likely to have an important effect on PTB. Vitamin D levels should be measured in the second trimester of pregnancy, and vitamin D supplements should be provided if necessary.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram of study selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The meta-analysis of the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester and PTB. PTB = preterm birth.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The meta-analysis of the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency in the second trimester and PTB. PTB = preterm birth.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The meta-analysis of the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency in the third trimester and PTB. PTB = preterm birth.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sensitivity analyses of the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency in the second trimester and PTB. PTB = preterm birth.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The results of subgroup analysis according to different study designs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The results of subgroup analysis according to countries from different continents.
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