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. 2021 May 28:1040:123-166.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280. eCollection 2021.

Overview of Indian and Nepali representatives of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) complex (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), with discussion about Cincticostella Allen, 1971 species complexes

Alexander V Martynov  1 , C Selvakumar  2 , Dmitry M Palatov  3 , K A Subramanian  4 , K G Sivaramakrishnan  5 , M Vasanth  4 , Luke M Jacobus  6
Affiliations

Overview of Indian and Nepali representatives of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) complex (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), with discussion about Cincticostella Allen, 1971 species complexes

Alexander V Martynov et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

The concept of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) complex is clarified and Indian and Nepali representatives of the complex are reviewed. Four new species are described viz. Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth, sp. nov., Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov. and Cincticostella wangi Selvakumar, Martynov & Subramanian, sp. nov. The larva of C. corpulenta (Braasch, 1981) is re-described, based on the holotype and paratypes. Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) is recorded from India for the first time. Morphological differences of the species complexes of Cincticostella Allen, 1971 are analysed. A new species complex, Cincticostella gosei complex, is proposed. Summaries of distribution data and habitat preferences, as well as new larval diagnoses, are presented for all species of the Cincticostella nigra complex.

Keywords: Ephemerellinae; Ephemerelloidea; Pannota; China; Indomalayan Region; new records; new species.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Larva of Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., paratype A habitus, dorsal view, scale bar 1 mm B head C anterolateral projections of pro- and mesonotum D thorax.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Larva of Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., paratype A planate mandible B angulate mandible C labrum D hypopharynx E maxillary palp F maxilla G labium.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Larva of Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., paratype. A fore femur B middle femur C hind femur D, E stout setae of dorsal surface of fore femur F stout setae of outer margin of hind femur G, H tarsal claws.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Larva of Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., paratype A abdomen, dorsal view B paired submedian projections of terga IX and X C paired submedian tubercles of tergum VIII D–H gills III–VII I caudal filaments, proximal part J caudal filaments, middle part.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Larva of Cincticostella corpulenta (Braasch, 1981), holotype A head B anterolateral projection of mesonotum C thorax D, E anterolateral projections of pronotum.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Larva of Cincticostella corpulenta (Braasch, 1981), holotype A angulate mandible B planate mandible C labrum D superlingua E maxillary palp F maxilla G labial palp H labium.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Larva of Cincticostella corpulenta (Braasch, 1981), holotype A fore femur B hind femur C stout setae of dorsal surface of fore femur D stout setae of hind tibia E stout setae of outer margin of hind femur F tarsal claw.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Larva of Cincticostella corpulenta (Braasch, 1981), holotype A abdomen on slide, dorsal view B submedian projection of tergum VII C paired submedian projections of tergum VIII D paired submedian projections of tergum IX E tergum X F caudal filament.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Larva of Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth sp. nov., holotype (A) and paratype (B–D) A habitus, dorsal view, scale bar 2 mm B head C thorax D anterolateral projection of mesonotum.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Larva of Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth sp. nov., paratype A angulate mandible B planate mandible C labrum D hypopharynx E maxilla F labium.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Larva of Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth sp. nov., paratype A fore femur B middle femur C hind femur D stout setae of dorsal surface of fore femur E tarsal claw.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Larva of Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth sp. nov., holotype (A–C) and paratype (D–G). A abdomen, dorsal view B paired submedian projections of terga VI–VIII, lateral view C paired submedian projections of terga V–IX, dorsal view D–G gills III–VI.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Larva of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) A habitus, dorsal view, scale bar 2 mm B head C thorax D anterolateral projections of pro- and mesonotum E dorsal surface of hind femur central area F abdomen, dorsal view.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Larva of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) A angulate mandible B planate mandible C labrum D hypopharynx E maxilla F labial palp G labium.
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
Larva of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) A fore femur B middle femur C hind femur D tarsal claw E–H gills III–VI.
Figure 16.
Figure 16.
Larva of Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., holotype (A, B, D, E) and paratype (C) A head B anterolateral projection of mesonotum C thorax D, E anterolateral projections of pronotum.
Figure 17.
Figure 17.
Larva of Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., paratype (A, B, G) and holotype (C–F) A angulate mandible B planate mandible C labrum D hypopharynx E maxillary palp F apical half of maxilla G labium.
Figure 18.
Figure 18.
Larva of Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., paratype (A–C, E, F, H) and holotype (D, G) A fore femur B middle femur C hind femur D, E stout setae of dorsal surface of fore femur F stout setae of outer margin of hind femur G stout setae of outer margin of middle tibia H tarsal claw.
Figure 19.
Figure 19.
Larva of Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., holotype (A and I) and paratype (B–H) A abdomen, dorsal view B tergum X and posterior margin of tergum IX (black arrow shows posterior margin of tergum X lack of paired submedian projections) C–G gills III–VII H caudal filament, middle part I caudal filament, proximal part.
Figure 20.
Figure 20.
Larva of Cincticostella wangi Selvakumar, Martynov & Subramanian, sp. nov., holotype (A) and paratypes (B and C) A habitus, dorsal view, scale bar: 2 mm B head C thorax.
Figure 21.
Figure 21.
Larva of Cincticostella wangi Selvakumar, Martynov & Subramanian, sp. nov., paratypes A planate mandible B angulate mandible C labrum D hypopharynx E apical half of maxilla F labium.
Figure 22.
Figure 22.
Larva of Cincticostella wangi Selvakumar, Martynov & Subramanian, sp. nov., paratypes A fore femur B middle femur C hind femur D stout setae of dorsal surface of fore femur E tarsal claw and tarsus F abdomen, dorsal view G terga VI–X.
Figure 23.
Figure 23.
Setae on dorsal surface of thorax of some representatives of Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) complex A dominant kind of stout setae – numerous small stout setae with divergent margins, bifurcated apices B dominant kind of stout setae – short, waved and hooked, stout hair-like setae C dominant kind of stout setae – scattered short, relatively strait, stout hair-like setae.
Figure 24.
Figure 24.
Habitats of Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov. (A) and Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth sp. nov. (B and C). A Ramganga River (300 m above Patangoari Village), Uttarakhand State, Almora District, India B Rike River (vicinity of Parang Village), Arunachal Pradesh, Papumpare District, India C second order left tributary of the Ramganga River (10.1 km north-eastwards of Chaukhutia Town), Uttarakhand State, Almora District, India.
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