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Review
. 2021 May 26;13(5):342-365.
doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.342.

Multidifferentiation potential of dental-derived stem cells

Jing-Yao Yin  1 , Xing-Hong Luo  1 , Wei-Qing Feng  1 , Sheng-Hong Miao  1 , Ting-Ting Ning  2 , Qian Lei  1 , Tao Jiang  1 , Dan-Dan Ma  3
Affiliations
Review

Multidifferentiation potential of dental-derived stem cells

Jing-Yao Yin et al. World J Stem Cells. .

Abstract

Tooth-related diseases and tooth loss are widespread and are a major public health issue. The loss of teeth can affect chewing, speech, appearance and even psychology. Therefore, the science of tooth regeneration has emerged, and attention has focused on tooth regeneration based on the principles of tooth development and stem cells combined with tissue engineering technology. As undifferentiated stem cells in normal tooth tissues, dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), which are a desirable source of autologous stem cells, play a significant role in tooth regeneration. Researchers hope to reconstruct the complete tooth tissues with normal functions and vascularization by utilizing the odontogenic differentiation potential of DMSCs. Moreover, DMSCs also have the ability to differentiate towards cells of other tissue types due to their multipotency. This review focuses on the multipotential capacity of DMSCs to differentiate into various tissues, such as bone, cartilage, tendon, vessels, neural tissues, muscle-like tissues, hepatic-like tissues, eye tissues and glands and the influence of various regulatory factors, such as non-coding RNAs, signaling pathways, inflammation, aging and exosomes, on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of DMSCs in tooth regeneration. The application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved if the differentiation characteristics of DMSCs can be fully utilized, and the factors that regulate their differentiation can be well controlled.

Keywords: Dental mesenchymal stem cells; Multipotency; Odontogenic differentiation; Osteogenic differentiation; Regenerative medicine; Tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest for this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Location of dental mesenchymal stem cells and their diverse differentiation potential. Dental mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from different tissues of the teeth. Dental mesenchymal stem cells have multidifferentiation ability and can differentiate into many tissue-like cells. DPSCs: Dental pulp stem cells; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; SCAPs: Stem cells from apical papilla; GMSCs: Gingival mesenchymal stem cells; SHED: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth; DFSCs: Dental follicle stem cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reported extracellular vesicles that mainly contributed to the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation process of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a variety of cell sources can influence the osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation process of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Exo: Exosomes; DFSCs: Dental follicle stem cells; LPL: Lipoprotein lipase; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SHED: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth; TGFβ1: Transforming growth factor β1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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