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. 2021 Jun 17;16(6):e0253312.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253312. eCollection 2021.

Contamination of street food with multidrug-resistant Salmonella, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Marguerite E M Nikiema  1   2 , Maria Pardos de la Gandara  2 , Kiswensida A M Compaore  1   3 , Absétou Ky Ba  4 , Karna D Soro  1 , Philippe A Nikiema  1 , Nicolas Barro  1 , Lassana Sangare  4   5 , François-Xavier Weill  2
Affiliations

Contamination of street food with multidrug-resistant Salmonella, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Marguerite E M Nikiema et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal infections are a global public health problem. In Burkina Faso, West Africa, exposure to Salmonella through the consumption of unhygienic street food represents a major risk of infection requiring detailed evaluation.

Methods: Between June 2017 and July 2018, we sampled 201 street food stalls, in 11 geographic sectors of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. We checked for Salmonella contamination in 201 sandwiches (one per seller), according to the ISO 6579:2002 standard. All Salmonella isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing was performed on a subset of isolates, to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and antimicrobial resistance determinants.

Results: The prevalence of Salmonella enterica was 17.9% (36/201) and the Salmonella isolates belonged to 16 different serotypes, the most frequent being Kentucky, Derby and Tennessee, with five isolates each. Six Salmonella isolates from serotypes Brancaster and Kentucky were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that four of these MDR isolates belonged to the emergent S. enterica serotype Kentucky clone ST198-X1 and to an invasive lineage of S. enterica serotype Enteritidis (West African clade).

Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in sandwiches sold in Ouagadougou. The presence of MDR Salmonella in food on sale detected in this study is also matter of concern.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Geographic location of the various Salmonella serotypes identified in our study.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Genomic clustering of the S. enterica serotype Enteritidis genome identified in this study.
Minimal spanning tree generated by the EnteroBase “MSTree V2” algorithm and including all503 S. enterica serotype Enteritidis genomes from Feasey et al. [15] available from EnteroBase, and the S. enterica serotype Enteritidis genome from Burkina Faso (MARG-18AL-BROO, circled in red). Branch numbers correspond to allelic distances. The inset is a magnification of the branch containing isolate MARG-18AL-BROO. 3a. Grape colours correspond to the hierBAPS method performed by Feasey et al. [15]. 3b. Grape colours correspond to the HC100 assigned by the HierCC method performed in EnteroBase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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