The revised Approved Instructional Resources score: An improved quality evaluation tool for online educational resources
Affiliations
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA.
- 2 David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA Los Angeles California USA.
- 3 Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USA.
- 4 Division of Emergency Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.
- 5 Department of Emergency Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada.
- 6 Department of Family Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
- 7 Division of Emergency Medicine and Division of Education & Innovation Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
- 8 Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
- 9 Department of Emergency Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada.
- 10 Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada.
- PMID: 34141997
- PMCID: PMC8194147
- DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10601
The revised Approved Instructional Resources score: An improved quality evaluation tool for online educational resources
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 Division of Emergency Medicine Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA.
- 2 David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA Los Angeles California USA.
- 3 Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USA.
- 4 Division of Emergency Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada.
- 5 Department of Emergency Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada.
- 6 Department of Family Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
- 7 Division of Emergency Medicine and Division of Education & Innovation Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
- 8 Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
- 9 Department of Emergency Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada.
- 10 Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada.
- PMID: 34141997
- PMCID: PMC8194147
- DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10601
Abstract
Background: Free Open-Access Medical education (FOAM) use among residents continues to rise. However, it often lacks quality assurance processes and residents receive little guidance on quality assessment. The Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Approved Instructional Resources tool (AAT) was created for FOAM appraisal by and for expert educators and has demonstrated validity in this context. It has yet to be evaluated in other populations.
Objectives: We assessed the AAT's usability in a diverse population of practicing emergency medicine (EM) physicians, residents, and medical students; solicited feedback; and developed a revised tool.
Methods: As part of the Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality (METRIQ) study, we recruited medical students, EM residents, and EM attendings to evaluate five FOAM posts with the AAT and provide quantitative and qualitative feedback via an online survey. Two independent analysts performed a qualitative thematic analysis with discrepancies resolved through discussion and negotiated consensus. This analysis informed development of an initial revised AAT, which was then further refined after pilot testing among the author group. The final tool was reassessed for reliability.
Results: Of 330 recruited international participants, 309 completed all ratings. The Best Evidence in Emergency Medicine (BEEM) score was the component most frequently reported as difficult to use. Several themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: for ease of use-understandable, logically structured, concise, and aligned with educational value. Limitations include deviation from questionnaire best practices, validity concerns, and challenges assessing evidence-based medicine. Themes supporting its use include evaluative utility and usability. The author group pilot tested the initial revised AAT, revealing a total score average measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of moderate reliability (ICC = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0 to 0.962). The final AAT's average measure ICC was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.77 to 0.95).
Conclusions: We developed the final revised AAT from usability feedback. The new score has significantly increased usability, but will need to be reassessed for reliability in a broad population.
© 2021 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have no potential conflicts to disclose. All authors had full access to all the study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Figures

FIGURE 1
The final revised Approved Instructional…
FIGURE 1
The final revised Approved Instructional Resources (AIR) tool

FIGURE 2
Approved Instructional Resources (AIR) scoring…
FIGURE 2
Approved Instructional Resources (AIR) scoring tool usability and recommendation
References
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- Stirling M. FOAM EMCC Blogs 2018. Life in the Fastlane website. 2020. Accessed xxx xx, xxxx. https://litfl.com/foam‐emcc‐blogs‐2018/
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