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. 2021 Jun 18;11(1):12910.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92299-5.

Scenario simulation of land use and land cover change in mining area

Xiaoyan Chang  1 , Feng Zhang  2 , Kanglin Cong  1 , Xiaojun Liu  1
Affiliations

Scenario simulation of land use and land cover change in mining area

Xiaoyan Chang et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

In this study, we selected 11 townships with severe ground subsidence located in Weishan County as the study area. Based on the interpretation data of Landsat images, the Binary logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between land use and land cover (LULC) change and the related 7 driving factors at a resolution of 60 m. Using the CLUE-S model, combined with Markov model, the simulation of LULC under three scenarios-namely, natural development scenario, ecological protection scenario and farmland protection scenario-were explored. Firstly, using LULC map in 2005 as input data, we predicted the land use spatial distribution pattern in 2016. By comparing the actual LULC map in 2016 with the simulated map in 2016, the prediction accuracy was evaluated based on the Kappa index. Then, after validation, the spatial distribution pattern of LULC in 2025 under the three scenarios was simulated. The results showed the following: (1) The driving factors had satisfactory explanatory power for LULC changes. The Kappa index was 0.82, which indicated good simulation accuracy of the CLUE-S model. (2) Under the three scenarios, the area of other agricultural land and water body showed an increasing trend; while the area of farmland, urban and rural construction land, subsided land with water accumulation, and tidal wetland showed a decreasing trend, and the area of urban and rural construction land and tidal wetland decreased the fastest. (3) Under the ecological protection scenario, the farmland decreased faster than the other two scenarios, and most of the farmland was converted to ecological land such as garden land and water body. Under the farmland protection scenario, the area of tidal wetland decreased the fastest, followed by urban and rural construction land. We anticipate that our study results will provide useful information for decision-makers and planners to take appropriate land management measures in the mining area.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographical location and mining area distribution in the research area. Maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.1 for Desktop (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-desktop).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The LULC types maps of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2016. Maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.1 for Desktop (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-desktop).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Raster maps of driving factors at a resolution scale of 60 m. Maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.1 for Desktop (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-desktop).
Figure 4
Figure 4
ROC curves for regression analysis of LULC type and driver factors.
Figure 5
Figure 5
LULC simulation maps in 2025 under different scenarios. Maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.1 for Desktop (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-desktop).
Figure 6
Figure 6
LULC changes under different scenarios from 2017 to 2025. Maps were generated using ArcGIS 10.1 for Desktop (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-desktop).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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