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. 2021 Aug;8(4):3295-3307.
doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13480. Epub 2021 Jun 20.

Menopausal symptoms and risk of heart failure: a retrospective analysis from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database

Ching-Hui Huang  1   2   3   4 , Chew-Teng Kor  5 , Ie-Bin Lian  4 , Chia-Chu Chang  6   7
Affiliations

Menopausal symptoms and risk of heart failure: a retrospective analysis from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database

Ching-Hui Huang et al. ESC Heart Fail. 2021 Aug.

Abstract

Aims: Women with menopausal symptoms show evidence of accelerated epigenetic ageing, vascular aging and low-grade systemic inflammation status. However, data are limited regarding menopausal symptoms and risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to explore the impact of menopausal symptoms on risk of HF.

Methods: We included 14 340 symptomatic menopausal women without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or HF from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database as the experimental cohort. We included 14 340 asymptomatic women matched for age and comorbidities as controls. We surveyed possible comorbidity-attributable risks of HF and assessed whether menopausal symptoms play a role in risk of HF. Additional analyses were conducted to ascertain the association of CHD and HF in different risk factor burdens categories in both cohorts and CHD was applied as a sensitivity analysis.

Results: The incidence of HF was not significantly lower in the experimental than in the control cohort (4.87 vs. 5.06 per 1000 person-years, P = 0.336). Participants with a higher comorbidity burden had a proportionally increased risk of HF and CHD in both cohorts. The burden of risk factors had a greater impact on risk of HF in the control than in the experimental cohort (≥five risk factors, adjusted hazard ratio 25.69 vs. 14.75). Participants undergoing hormone therapy had no significant effect on the risk of HF, regardless of the presence or absence of menopausal symptoms. Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with the control cohort, the risk of HF in the experimental cohort did not increase significantly in all subgroups.

Conclusions: Menopausal symptoms were associated with CHD risk but not with risk of HF. Traditional risk factors rather than menopausal symptoms play important roles in the HF risk among middle-aged women.

Keywords: Menopausal symptoms; Coronary heart disease; Heart failure.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative incidence of HF in symptomatic menopausal and control cohorts.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relation between number of risk factors and incidence of CHD (A) or HF (B) among symptomatic menopausal cohort and control cohort.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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