Trigeminal hybrid nerve sheath tumor - a case report and literature review

Abstract

Background: Hybrid nerve sheath tumors (HNST) contain elements of more than one established sub-type of nerve sheath tumor and have been recently recognized in the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. While common in the peripheral nerves and extracranial branches of cranial nerves, only one case has been previously documented of an intracranial HNST arising from a cranial nerve.

Case description: We describe a large, multi-compartmental intracranial hybrid nerve sheath tumor arising from the trigeminal nerve in a 22-year-old lady who presented with clinical and radiological features suggestive of a right cerebellopontine angle mass. Histopathological examination following retrosigmoid excision of the tumor revealed histological and immunohistochemical features of a schwannoma and a perineurioma.

Conclusions: HNSTs are likely to be underreported in the intracranial region. The clinical course of these tumors and the reason for their occurrence in this location are not known.

Keywords: Hybrid nerve sheath tumor; intracranial; schwannoma-perineurioma; trigeminal nerve.