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. 2021 Jun 20;24(6):426-433.
doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.20.

[Value of Combined Detection of Cytokines and Tumor Markers in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodules]

[Article in Chinese]
Jie Shi  1 , Xuan Liu  1 , Zongjuan Ming  1 , Wei Li  1 , Xin Lv  1 , Xia Yang  1 , Yu Wang  1 , Mengying Zhang  1 , Shuanying Yang  1
Affiliations

[Value of Combined Detection of Cytokines and Tumor Markers in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodules]

[Article in Chinese]
Jie Shi et al. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. .

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Background: Solitary pulmonary nodule has received increasing attention in recent years. A couple of lung nodules have been recognized as primary malignant tumors, which leads to an urgent need in enhancing the diagnosis of benign/malignant lung nodules at clinical settings. This study aims to explore the value of the combined detection of cytokines and tumor markers in differencing benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules in diagnose.

Methods: With 81 solitary pulmonary nodules cases with a clear diagnosis, the general clinical data, nodule imaging features, pathological diagnosis data, serological index cytokine series and tumor marker expression levels were collected in groups. Both single factor and multi-factors analysis were conducted to screen out the serum influence indexes that can predict the malignant probability of lung nodules, and mean while binary logistic regression analysis was used to construct joint indexes; After receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn, the area under the curve and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity and positive of each index predicted value, negative predicted value and accuracy could be calculated with a view to determine the statistical significance of area under the curve (AUC).

Results: There are differences in the distribution of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules at different locations, with the highest proportion of the right upper lobe (40.4%). The serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the malignant nodule group were higher than those in the benign nodule group. Logistic regression analysis suggests that CEA, IL-6 and IL-8 are independent risk factors for predicting malignant nodules. ROC curve analysis shows that the areas under the curve of the individual indicators CEA, IL-6 and IL-8 are 0.642, 0.684 and 0.749. The comparison result of the test efficiency of the area under the curve suggests that CEA+IL-6+IL-8 has a larger area under the curve and higher detection efficiency.

Conclusions: CEA, IL-6 and IL-8 are independent risk factors for malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. The combined detection of cytokines and tumor markers has played a role in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lung nodules. The diagnostic value of the combined detection of CEA+IL-6+IL-8 is the highest.

【中文题目：细胞因子与肿瘤标志物联合检测对孤立性 肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的价值】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 近年来，孤立性肺结节（solitary pulmonary nodule, SPN）受到越来越多的关注，部分肺结节被认为是早期肺癌，但如何鉴别肺结节良恶性却是亟待解决的临床难题。本研究旨在探讨细胞因子与肿瘤标志物联合检测对SPN良恶性的鉴别诊断价值，从而提高SPN诊断的准确性。方法 纳入81例诊断明确的SPN患者作为研究对象，收集病例的一般临床资料、结节影像学特征、病理学诊断资料、细胞因子系列和肿瘤标志物表达水平。利用单因素和多因素分析筛选可预测肺结节性质的影响指标，并用二元Logistic回归分析构造联合指标；绘制受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve, ROC），计算曲线下面积及相应的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率。结果 一般临床资料分析示恶性结节出现在右肺上叶的比例最高（40.4%）。 恶性结节组中的 癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段（cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1, CYFRA21-1）、白介素6（interleukin-6, IL-6）和白介素8 （interleukin-8 , IL-8）血清水平高于良性结节组。Logistic回归分析提示，CEA、IL-6、IL-8为预测恶性结节的独立危险因子。ROC曲线分析表明，单项指标CEA、IL-6和IL-8的曲线下面积分别为0.642、0.684和0.749，CEA+IL-6+IL-8联合检测曲线下面积更大，检测效能更高。结论 CEA、IL-6和IL-8为恶性结节的独立危险因素。细胞因子和肿瘤标志物联合检测在SPN良恶性鉴别诊断中具有一定的价值。其中CEA+IL-6+IL-8联合检测的诊断价值最高。 】 【中文关键词：孤立性肺结节；肿瘤标志物；细胞因子；联合检测；诊断】.

Keywords: Combined detection; Cytokines; Diagnosis; Solitary pulmonary nodule; Tumor markers.

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Conflict of interest statement

【Competing interests】The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

图 1
图 1
良性结节组和恶性结节组中细胞因子表达水平的比较 Comparison of cytokines expression levels of patients with benign or malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. **P < 0.01; NS: non-significant difference.
图 2
图 2
良性结节组和恶性结节组中肿瘤标志物表达水平的比较 Comparison of tumor markers expression levels of patients with benign or malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. *: P < 0.05.
图 3
图 3
不同指标对恶性孤立性肺结节诊断的ROC曲线 ROC curve of different index in malignant solitary pulmonary nodules
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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