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. 2021 Jun 8:34:100801.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100801. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Anti-biofilm activity of antibiotic-loaded Hylomate®

Mariana Albano  1 , Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance  1 , Melissa J Karau  1 , Jayawant N Mandrekar  2 , Robin Patel  1   3
Affiliations

Anti-biofilm activity of antibiotic-loaded Hylomate®

Mariana Albano et al. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. .

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic envelopes are being developed for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) wrapping to reduce the risk of infections.

Methods: Fifteen CIED infection-associated bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes were used to assess in vitro biofilm formation on Hylomate® compared to titanium, silicone and polyurethane coupons pre-treated with vancomycin (400 µg/ml), bacitracin (1000 U/ml) or a combination of rifampin (80 µg/ml) plus minocycline (50 µg/ml). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize bacteria on Hylomate®.

Results: There was significantly less (p < 0.05) S. aureus and S. epidermidis on Hylomate® pre-treated with vancomycin, bacitracin or rifampin plus minocycline after 24 h of incubation (≤1.00 log10 CFU/cm2) compared with titanium, silicone or polyurethane pre-treated with vancomycin, bacitracin or rifampin plus minocycline. C. acnes biofilms were not detected (≤1.00 log10 CFU/cm2) on pre-treated Hylomate® coupons.

Conclusions: This study showed that Hylomate® coupons pre-treated with antibiotics reduced staphylococcal and C. acnes biofilm formation in vitro.

Keywords: Antibacterial envelope; Biofilm; Cardiac device infection; Cutibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Patel reports grants from Merck, ContraFect, TenNor Therapeutics Limited, Hylomorph and Shionogi. Dr. Patel is a consultant to Curetis, Specific Technologies, Next Gen Diagnostics, PathoQuest, Selux Diagnostics, 1928 Diagnostics, PhAST, and Qvella; monies are paid to Mayo Clinic. Dr. Patel is also a consultant to Netflix. In addition, Dr. Patel has a patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic, and a patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued. Dr. Patel receives an editor’s stipend from IDSA, and honoraria from the NBME, Up-to-Date and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Quantitative pre-treated with vancomycin or bacitracin culture of Staphylococcus aureus (a, b, c, d, e), Staphylococcus epidermidis (f, g, h, i, j) and Cutibacterium acnes (k, l, m, n, o) on non pre-treated (i.e., blank) Hylomate®, titanium, silicone and polyurethane coupons (controls).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Quantitative culture of Staphylococcus aureus (a, b, c, d, e), Staphylococcus epidermidis (f, g, h, i, j) and Cutibacterium acnes (k, l, m, n, o) on Hylomate®, titanium, silicone and polyurethane coupons pre-treated with vancomycin (400 µg/ml). *Represents significant difference (p < 0.05) between Hylomate and other materials after 24 h or 60 h incubation for staphylococci and C. acnes respectively.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Quantitative culture of Staphylococcus aureus (a, b, c, d, e), Staphylococcus epidermidis (f, g, h, i, j) and Cutibacterium acnes (k, l, m, n, o) on Hylomate®, titanium, silicone and polyurethane pre-treated with bacitracin (1000 U/ml). *Represents significant difference (p < 0.5) between Hylomate and other materials 24 h incubation.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Results of quantitative culture of Staphylococcus aureus (a, b, c, d, e), Staphylococcus epidermidis (f, g, h, i, j) and Cutibacterium acnes (k, l, m, n, o) on Hylomate®, titanium, silicone and polyurethane coupons pre-treated with rifampin (80 µg/ml) plus minocycline (50 µg/ml). *Represents significant difference (p < 0.05) between Hylomate and other materials after 24 h or 60 h incubation for staphylococci and C. acnes, respectively.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Scanning electron micrographs of Staphylococcus aureus (a, d, g, j, m), Staphylococcus epidermidis (b, e, h, k, n), and Cutibacterium acnes (c, f, i, l, o) biofilms on cellulose after 24 (S. aureus and S. epidermidis), and 60 h (C. acnes) of incubation at different magnifications. Red arrows indicate bacterial cell penetration on Hylomate®. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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