SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines

Philip R Krause¹, Thomas R Fleming¹, Ira M Longini¹, Richard Peto¹, Sylvie Briand¹, David L Heymann¹, Valerie Beral¹, Matthew D Snape¹, Helen Rees¹, Alba-Maria Ropero¹, Ran D Balicer¹, Jakob P Cramer¹, César Muñoz-Fontela¹, Marion Gruber¹, Rogerio Gaspar¹, Jerome A Singh¹, Kanta Subbarao¹, Maria D Van Kerkhove¹, Soumya Swaminathan¹, Michael J Ryan¹, Ana-Maria Henao-Restrepo¹

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ From the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).

PMID: 34161052
PMCID: PMC8262623
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsr2105280

SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines

Philip R Krause et al. N Engl J Med. 2021.

. 2021 Jul 8;385(2):179-186.

doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr2105280. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Authors

Affiliation

¹ From the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (P.R.K., M.G.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (T.R.F.); the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville (I.M.L.); the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (R.P., V.B.), and the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.D.S.), Oxford, and the Global Health Programme, Chatham House (D.L.H.), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (J.P.C.), London - all in the United Kingdom; the Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (J.A.S.), and the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg (H.R.) - both in South Africa; the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (J.A.S.); the Clalit Research Institute, Innovation Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.D.B.); the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (C.M.-F.); the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (K.S.); and the World Health Organization, Geneva (S.B., A.-M.R., R.G., M.D.V.K., S.S., M.J.R., A.-M.H.-R.).

PMID: 34161052
PMCID: PMC8262623
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsr2105280

Abstract

Viral variants of concern may emerge with dangerous resistance to the immunity generated by the current vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Moreover, if some variants of concern have increased transmissibility or virulence, the importance of efficient public health measures and vaccination programs will increase. The global response must be both timely and science based.

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Figures

**Figure 1. Roles of Researchers, Vaccinees, and Vaccinators in Simplified Randomized Trials Conducted during Vaccine Deployment.**
In trials to assess vaccine efficacy, work performed by trial researchers is considerably more simplified than work in a standard trial, with no extra effort required from vaccinees or vaccination personnel. Covid-19 denotes coronavirus disease 2019.

**Figure 2. A Framework for Evaluating Vaccines against Variants of Concern.**
After variants of concern are designated, the efficacy of existing vaccines is evaluated with the use of in vitro data, animal models, randomized evidence, observational studies, and surveillance.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). hCoV-19 tracking of variants. 2021. (https://www.gisaid.org/).
1. World Health Organization. WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. 2021. (https://covid19.who.int/).
1. Volz E, Mishra S, Chand M, et al. Assessing transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. Nature 2021;593:266-269. - PubMed
1. Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, et al. Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Science 2021. April 14 (Epub ahead of print). - PMC - PubMed
1. Wang P, Nair MS, Liu L, et al. Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7. Nature 2021;593:130-135. - PubMed

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines

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