Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Jun 8:12:667066.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667066. eCollection 2021.

Unhealthy Lifestyle and Gut Dysbiosis: A Better Understanding of the Effects of Poor Diet and Nicotine on the Intestinal Microbiome

Jason E Martinez  1 , Doron D Kahana  1   2 , Simran Ghuman  1 , Haley P Wilson  1 , Julian Wilson  1 , Samuel C J Kim  1 , Venu Lagishetty  3   4 , Jonathan P Jacobs  3   4   5 , Amiya P Sinha-Hikim  1   2 , Theodore C Friedman  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Unhealthy Lifestyle and Gut Dysbiosis: A Better Understanding of the Effects of Poor Diet and Nicotine on the Intestinal Microbiome

Jason E Martinez et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

The study of the intestinal or gut microbiome is a newer field that is rapidly gaining attention. Bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the host can impact numerous biological systems regulating immunity and metabolism to either promote or negatively impact the host's health. Habitual routines, dietary choices, socioeconomic status, education, host genetics, medical care and environmental factors can all contribute to the composition of an individual's microbiome. A key environmental factor that may cause negative outcomes is the consumption of nicotine products. The effects of nicotine on the host can be exacerbated by poor dietary choices and together can impact the composition of the gut microbiota to promote the development of metabolic disease including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review explores the contribution of nicotine, poor dietary choices and other unhealthy lifestyle factors to gut dysbiosis.

Keywords: e-cigarette; gut dysbiosis; gut microbiome; gut microbiota; high-fat diet; nicotine; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

    1. Cotillard A, Kennedy SP, Kong LC, Prifti E, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, et al. Dietary Intervention Impact on Gut Microbial Gene Richness. Nature (2013) 500:585–8. 10.1038/nature12480 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hooks KB, O’Malley MA. Dysbiosis and Its Discontents. mBio (2017) 8. 10.1128/mBio.01492-17 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Toor D, Wsson MK, Kumar P, Karthikeyan G, Kaushik NK, Goel C, et al. Dysbiosis Disrupts Gut Immune Homeostasis and Promotes Gastric Diseases. Int J Mol Sci (2019) 20:2432. 10.3390/ijms20102432 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, et al. Expert Consensus Document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics Consensus Statement on the Scope and Appropriate Use of the Term Probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol (2014) 11:506–14. 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66 - DOI - PubMed
    1. (2020). Available at: https://www.daytwo.com (Accessed December 24).

Publication types