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. 2021 Jul;22(4):e50.
doi: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e50. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine papillomavirus in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China

Qingling Meng #  1 , Chengcheng Ning #  1 , Lixia Wang #  1 , Yan Ren  2 , Jie Li  1 , Chencheng Xiao  1 , Yanfang Li  1 , Zhiyuan Li  1 , Zhihao He  1 , Xuepeng Cai  3 , Jun Qiao  4
Affiliations

Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine papillomavirus in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China

Qingling Meng et al. J Vet Sci. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Bovine papillomatosis is a type of proliferative tumor disease of skin and mucosae caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV). As a transboundary and emerging disease in cattle, it poses a potential threat to the dairy industry.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to detect and clarify the genetic diversity of BPV circulating in dairy cows in Xinjiang, China.

Methods: 122 papilloma skin lesions from 8 intensive dairy farms located in different regions of Xinjiang, China were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The genetic evolution relationships of various types of BPVs were analyzed by examining this phylogenetic tree.

Results: Ten genotypes of BPV (BPV1, BPV2, BPV3, BPV6, BPV7, BPV8, BPV10, BPV11, BPV13, and BPV14) were detected and identified in dairy cows. These were the first reported detections of BPV13 and BPV14 in Xinjiang, Mixed infections were detected, and there were geographical differences in the distribution of the BPV genotypes. Notably, the BPV infection rate among young cattle (< 1-year-old) developed from the same supply of frozen sperm was higher than that of the other young cows naturally raised under the same environmental conditions.

Conclusions: Genotyping based on the L1 gene of BPV showed that BPVs circulating in Xinjiang China displayed substantial genetic diversity. This study provided valuable data at the molecular epidemiology level, which is conducive to developing deep insights into the genetic diversity and pathogenic characteristics of BPVs in dairy cows.

Keywords: Xinjiang, China; bovine papillomavirus; genetic diversity; molecular detection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics of skin and nipple samples in dairy cows infected by bovine papillomavirus. Papilloma nodules (white arrow) were located in neck (A), lower jaw (B), face (C), and nipple (D).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Detection of BPV infection in young cattle (< 1-year-old) from a dairy farm located in Tacheng, Xinjiang province.
BPV, bovine papillomavirus.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Detection rates of BPVs in young cattle (< 1-year-old) reproduced via artificial fertilization and natural reproduction in a dairy farm. Group N: Natural reproduction; Group A: Artificial fertilization.
BPV, bovine papillomavirus. *The asterisk indicates a significant difference.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic analysis of the different BPV genera based on partial sequences of the BPV L1 gene. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method within MEGA 6.0 software. The numbers at the internal nodes represent the bootstrap support values determined in 1,000 replications. The GenBank accession numbers of the reference BPVs are shown in the tree. The black dot represents the epidemic strains of BPVs identified in this study.
BPV, bovine papillomavirus.
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