Pediatric advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy

Abstract

The indications and utility of flexible bronchoscopy have expanded over the past few decades with major innovations in design and development of new tools for endobronchial interventions and image-guided tissue sampling techniques. This review highlights the application of advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy (including endobronchial ultrasound and CT navigational techniques), cryotherapy and the use of one-way endobronchial valves for persistent air leak in the pediatric setting.

Keywords: Bronchoscopy; Cryotherapy; Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS); Endobronchial valves; Persistent air leak; Transbronchial biopsy; Transbronchial needle aspiration.