Physical and psychosocial working conditions as predictors of 5-year changes in work ability among 2078 employees in Germany

Abstract

Objective: To examine 5-year prospective associations between working conditions and work ability among employees in Germany.

Methods: A cohort study (2011/2012-2017), based on a random sample of employees in employments subject to payment of social contributions aged 31-60 years (Study on Mental Health at Work; S-MGA; N = 2,078), included data on physical and quantitative demands, control (influence, possibilities for development, control over working time), relations (role clarity and leadership quality) and work ability (Work Ability Index, WAI; subscale 'subjective work ability and resources'). Data were analysed using linear regression.

Results: Physical demands and control were associated with small 5-year changes in work ability (ΔR² = 1%). Among the subgroup of employees with ≥ 25 sickness days, possibilities for development, control and quality of leadership were associated with changes in work ability (ΔR² = 8%).

Conclusions: The impact of working conditions on long term changes in work ability seems to be negligible. However, in vulnerable subpopulations experiencing poor health, working conditions may be associated to a larger extent to work ability over this time span.

Keywords: COPSOQ; Physical demands; Prospective study; Psychosocial risk factors.

Fig. 1

Flow diagram of participation. ^a13 months (range 11–17) passed between sampling date and baseline interviews date; in this period, 310 people ceased to be employees. ^bMean baseline interview date January 2012. ^cMean follow-up interview date August 2017. ^dRegarding the following variables: gender, age, SES, working conditions, work ability and sickness days