The association between social media addiction and eating disturbances is mediated by muscle dysmorphia-related symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a sample of young adults

Abstract

Purpose: Although the association between problematic use of the internet and eating disorders (EDs) in young adults has been previously established, its underlying mechanisms have not been completely clarified. It has been suggested that exposure to idealized very thin and toned body images (e.g., "thinspiration" and "fitspiration" trends) on social media might lead to increased feelings of body dissatisfaction which, in turn, can represent a trigger for EDs. We have tested this hypothesis in a sample (N = 721) of young adults (504 females, mean age: 24.13 ± 3.70 years; range 18-34).

Methods: Self-report measures investigating symptoms related to social media addiction (SMA), muscle dysmorphia (MD), and EDs were used. A mediational model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms through the mediating role of MD-related symptoms was performed controlling for confounding factors (e.g., socio-demographic variables, substances use, body mass index, psychopathological distress).

Results: The model showed that the total effect of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms was significant (B = 0.213; p = 0.022) and that this association was mediated by MD-related symptoms (B = 0.083; p = 0.021).

Discussion: Our findings support the possibility that MD-related symptoms play a relevant role in mediating the association between SMA severity and ED pathology.

Level of evidence: Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Keywords: Eating disorders; Muscle dysmorphia; Psychopathology; Social media addiction; Substances use.

Fig. 1

Graphical representation of the results from the mediation model. The reported estimates were obtained controlling for potentially competing factors (i.e., compilation modality, socio-demographic variables, tobacco use, problematic alcohol use, substances use, self-reported body mass index, and clinically relevant psychopathological distress). BSMAS The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, EAT-26 Eating Attitudes Test, MDDI Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory