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. 2021 Oct;61(4):396-405.
doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.04.013. Epub 2021 Jun 25.

Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patients in the Emergency Department and Recommendations for Health Care Policy, Education, and Practice

M Kathryn Allison  1 , S Alexandra Marshall  2 , Gray Stewart  3 , Melissa Joiner  3 , Creshelle Nash  3 , M Kathryn Stewart  3
Affiliations

Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patients in the Emergency Department and Recommendations for Health Care Policy, Education, and Practice

M Kathryn Allison et al. J Emerg Med. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Transgender and gender nonbinary (trans/NB) individuals face many barriers to accessing health care in the United States due to systemic and clinician discrimination. Such experiences can lead to avoidance or delays in seeking care. These issues are relevant for emergency department (ED) clinicians and staff because trans/NB patients may use the ED in times of crisis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore experiences of trans/NB individuals accessing health care in the ED and provide recommendations for improvements.

Methods: This study involved semi-structured qualitative interviews with nine trans/NB individuals living in Arkansas about their experiences when visiting local EDs.

Results: Interviews revealed four main themes: 1) system and structural issues; 2) interactions with clinicians/staff influence care received; 3) perceptions of clinician knowledge and education about trans/NB health; and 4) impact on future health and health care access. Participants recommended education for current and future ED clinicians and staff to improve knowledge of best practices for trans/NB health care. Recommendations were also made to improve ED policy for inclusive and affirming intake processes, intake forms, and electronic health record (EHR) documentation, including documentation and use of patients' chosen name and pronouns.

Conclusion: The negative experiences and discrimination reported by trans/NB patients in ED visits underscores the importance of improving ED clinician knowledge of gender-affirming care practices, ED intake policies and practices, and EHR documentation in EDs.

Keywords: emergency department; gender nonbinary; gender-affirming care; health care discrimination; transgender.

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