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Editorial
. 2021 Jun 10:12:706061.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706061. eCollection 2021.

Developmental Physiology: Grand Challenges

Warren Burggren  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Developmental Physiology: Grand Challenges

Warren Burggren. Front Physiol. .
No abstract available

Keywords: DOHaD; allometry; animal models; climate change; developmental plasticity; epigenetics; heterokairy; toxicology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Influence of early life course intervention on the risk of non-communicable disease in humans. Early intervention (e.g., improved maternal and neonatal nutrition) can result in greatly reduced risk of non-communicable disease in adulthood. Modified from Baird et al. (2017).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Heterochrony compared with heterokairy. (A) Heterochrony compares the timing of developmental landmark between a species of interest and the ancestral species. (B) In contrast, heterokairy compares the developmental landmarks of two different individuals or populations within a single species. Typically, the developmental landmarks are anatomical—e.g., the appearance of gill arches, cardiac valves or nephrons. However, these concepts apply equally well to physiological developmental landmarks such as the onset of gill ventilation, the onset of anterograde blood flow through the heart, or the first production of urine.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multi-variable experimental designs and possible outcomes. (A) A three-dimensional schematic depiction of a protocol that would employ multiple levels/concentrations/doses of multiple variables. (B) A hypothetical outcome on a developing animals phenotype produced by simultaneous variation in two different variables. In this schematic, the largest effect is created by a combination of intermediate levels Variable #1 and Variable #2. Modified from Burggren and Mueller (2015). (C) An actual example of interactions between development (Variable #1) and rearing salinity (Variable #2) in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Note that there was an unexpected bimodal effect of rearing salinity, with the largest effect appearing early in development. Modified from Mueller et al. (2016).
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