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. 2021 Apr 27;20(1):683-696.
doi: 10.1007/s40200-021-00800-8. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Propolis ethanol extract abrogates hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and lowered hepatic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein level in male albino rats

Regina Ngozi Ugbaja  1   2 , Tolulope Peter Fatokun  1 , Dorcas Ibukun Akinloye  1 , Adewale Segun James  1 , Oluseye Olusegun Onabanjo  3 , Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye  1
Affiliations

Propolis ethanol extract abrogates hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and lowered hepatic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein level in male albino rats

Regina Ngozi Ugbaja et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. .

Abstract

Background and aim: Diabetes is a major cause of death worldwide and currently available allopathic drugs presents adverse side effects, thus, necessitating a continuous screening for natural products. This study therefore investigated the effects of Propolis Ethanol Extract (PEE) on blood sugar, lipid metabolism, and poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARPs) protein level of diabetic male Wistar rats.

Methodology: Seventy rats weighing between (150-180) g used in this study were randomized into seven (7) groups as follows: group 1 (Normal control given Olive oil), group 2 (Diabetic control given Olive oil), group 3 [Diabetic + PEE (200 mg/kg)], group 4 [Diabetic + (PEE 600 mg/kg)], group 5 [Diabetic + Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)], group 6 [Normal + PEE (200 mg/kg)], and group 7 [Normal + PEE (600 mg/kg)]. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.5), while the vehicle and PEE were orally administered once daily. Treatment with PEE commenced after the confirmation of diabetes. Five rats from each group were sacrificed after the third and sixth weeks of PEE treatment.

Results: Administration of PEE significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the elevated fasting blood sugar, improves body weight, and abated lipotoxicity in the brain, heart, liver and kidney of the treated groups in a dose- and duration-dependent manners. The increased protein level of PARPs and lowered hydroxyl methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase activity were significantly reversed after PEE treatment.

Conclusions: This study concludes that PEE might be a suitable and viable regimen against diabetic complications in rats.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemia; PARPs; Propolis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestWe declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Chromatogram of Propolis ethanol extracts (PEE). Peaks are shown as retention time (RT); the identified phyto-constituents are found in Table 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effects of PEE on plasma phospholipids (PHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different letters are statistically distinct (p < 0.05). PEE - Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of PEE on the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipids (PHOL) cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different alphabets are statistically different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effects of PEE on the very low-density lipoprotein-low density lipoprotein (VLDL-LDL) phospholipids (PHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effects of PEE on the hepatic phospholipids (PHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Effects of PEE on the renal phospholipids (PHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Effects of PEE on the brain phospholipids (PHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Effects of PEE on the heart phospholipids (PHOL), cholesterol (CHOL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) of diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extracts; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Effect of PEE on HMG- CoA/ mevalonate ratio in the liver of diabetic rats. Bars represents mean ± SEM (n = 5). Bars with different alphabet are statistically distinct. PEE – Propolis ethanol extract; GBC - Glibenclamide
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Effects of PEE on plasma Poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP) level of diabetic rats. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). PEE- Propolis ethanol extract; GBC- glibenclamide
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