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Review
. 2021 Jun 28;23(7):45.
doi: 10.1007/s11920-021-01250-y.

Three Dimensional Approaches to Personality Disorders: a Review on Personality Functioning, Personality Structure, and Personality Organization

Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter  1 , Ludwig Ohse  2 , Leonie Kampe  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Three Dimensional Approaches to Personality Disorders: a Review on Personality Functioning, Personality Structure, and Personality Organization

Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter et al. Curr Psychiatry Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: The concept of personality functioning (Alternative DSM-5 Model of Personality Disorders) has led to increased interest in dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. While differing markedly from the current categorical classification, it is closely related to the psychodynamic concepts of personality structure and personality organization. In this review, the three dimensional approaches, their underlying models, and common instruments are introduced, and empirical studies on similarities and differences between the concepts and the categorical classification are summarized. Additionally, a case example illustrates the clinical application.

Recent findings: Numerous studies demonstrate the broad empirical basis, validated assessment instruments and clinical usefulness of the dimensional concepts. Their advantages compared to the categorical approach, but also the respective differences, have been demonstrated empirically, in line with clinical observations. Evidence supports the three dimensional concepts, which share conceptual overlap, but also entail unique aspects of personality pathology, respectively.

Keywords: Level of Personality Functioning Scale; Personality disorders; Personality functioning; Personality organization; Personality structure; Review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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