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Review
. 2021 Jul-Aug;35(4):1929-1938.
doi: 10.21873/invivo.12459.

Osteoid Osteoma: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features, and Treatment Option

Affiliations
Review

Osteoid Osteoma: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features, and Treatment Option

Kostas Tepelenis et al. In Vivo. 2021 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Osteoid osteoma, the third most common benign bone tumor, usually occurs in the cortex of long bones. It consists of a radiolucent nidus surrounded by reactive osteosclerosis. Generally, osteoid osteoma affects young males. Nocturnal pain that eases with salicylates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is the typical clinical presentation. Sometimes, it remains undiagnosed for a long time. Plain radiography and computed tomography are usually sufficient for the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Initial treatment includes salicylates and NSAID because the tumor often regresses spontaneously over 2-6 years. Surgical treatment is indicated in case of unresponsive pain to medical therapy, no tolerance of prolonged NSAID therapy due to side effects, and no willingness to activity limitations. Nowadays, minimally invasive techniques have replaced open surgery and are considered the gold standard of surgical treatment. Although cryoablation seems superior in terms of the nerve damage and immunotherapy effect, radiofrequency ablation is the preferred technique.

Keywords: en-bloc resection; imaging; medical therapy; percutaneous ablation; review; Οsteoid osteoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The Authors report no conflicts of interest in relation to this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Computed tomography (A) and magnetic resonance imaging (B) scans of an osteoid osteoma located in the talus. Reprinted with permission (6).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Cortical location of osteoid osteoma in the diaphysis of the humerus [computed tomography (A) and magnetic resonance imaging (B) scans]. Reprinted with permission (6).

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