Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Aug 1;28(4):371-376.
doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000644.

Future studies using histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Laura A Graeff-Armas  1 , Emily Silverman  1 , Robert R Recker  2
Affiliations
Review

Future studies using histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Laura A Graeff-Armas et al. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: This article reviews the current state of research in type 1 diabetes and bone, focusing on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry.

Recent findings: Bone turnover markers have been used for decades to document static bone turnover status in a variety of diseases but especially in diabetes. Two new studies focus on dynamic testing conditions to examine the acute effects of insulin and exercise on bone turnover. Publications of human bone histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes are few but there are several new studies currently underway.

Summary: Here, we review the most recent literature on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry. Low bone turnover is thought to be a major underlying factor in bone fragility in T1DM. Further studies in human transilial bone biopsies will be helpful in determining the mechanisms.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: ES and LGA report no conflicts of interest. RR reports grant funding from Amgen, Inc.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Illustration of bone remodeling (resorption and formation) and specific effects of T1DM.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Unstained slide in T1DM. The unstained sections are used to measure formation. Orally administered fluorochromes are deposited in areas of bone formation/deposition and fluoresce (light green) under polarized light.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Histomorphometry in T1DM. The Goldner Trichrome stain distinguishes bone matrix (green) and osteoid seams (bright red) and bone marrow (pink and white). This stain is used to delineate structure for measurements of bone volume, bone surface area, and/or osteoid surface area.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Vestergaard P Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes--a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int.; 2007;18:427–444. - PubMed
    1. Shah VN, Shah CS, Snell-Bergeon JK. Type 1 diabetes and risk of fracture: meta-analysis and review of the literature. Diabet Med. ; 2015;32:1134–1142. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tangseefa P, Martin SK, Fitter S, et al. Osteocalcin-dependent regulation of glucose metabolism and fertility: Skeletal implications for the development of insulin resistance. J Cell Physiol. ; 2018;233:3769–3783. - PubMed
    1. Hygum K, Starup-Linde J, Harsløf T, et al. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Diabetes mellitus, a state of low bone turnover - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. ; 2017;176:R137–R157. - PubMed
    1. Szymańska M, Michałus I, Kaszkowiak M, et al. Metabolic bone markers can be related to preserved insulin secretion in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. ; 2020;26:10–16. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms