SARS-Cov-2 and COVID-19, Basic and Clinical Aspects of the Human Pandemic: A Review

Abstract

In the last two decades, we have witnessed three major epidemics of the coronavirus human disease namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and more recently an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Iran, a country of nearly 84 million, in the Middle East, severely involved with the COVID-19 disease. A documented multidimensional approach to COVID-19 disease is therefore mandatory to provide a well-balanced platform for the concerned medical community in our county and beyond. In this review, we highlight the disease status in Iran and attempt to provide a multilateral view of the fundamental and clinical aspects of the disease including the clinical features of the confirmed cases, virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and laboratory methods needed for diagnosis.

Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus disease 2019; Coronaviruses; SARS-CoV-2.

Fig. 1:

Global COVID-19 outbreak spread through 05, SEP, 2020. For more up-to-date information on reported cases, visit https://experience.arcgis.com/experience and https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus

Fig. 2:

Distribution of infection by city and daily statistics. 2A) The distribution of infection is schematically illustrated by the province. The prevalence of the disease from the center to the outside can be considered. 2B) The daily incidence rate indicates the occurrence of the second wave, which occurred after the removal of the restrictions. Therefore, the third wave can be predicted according to the upward trend and the possibility of reopening schools.