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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Jun 29;40(1):28.
doi: 10.1186/s41043-021-00253-y.

Pooled estimate of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Angeline Jeyakumar  1   2 , Vidhya Shinde  3 , Reshma Ravindran  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Pooled estimate of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Angeline Jeyakumar et al. J Health Popul Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is a public health concern globally. In India, individual studies report high prevalence. However, lack of national data masks the true burden. This work determined the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.

Methods: Three different search engines yielded 15 eligible articles. Study quality was assessed by 10 different criteria and summary of study quality was categorized as per Cochrane standards. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy pregnant women and heterogeneity among selected studies. A sample of n = 4088 was used to study the pooled prevalence among pregnant women.

Results: The random effects combined estimate was 32.35% (95% CI, (12.58-117.48). High heterogeneity (tau2 = 0.39, I2 = 100%) and high risk of bias was observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 2.54(P = 0.01).

Conclusion: Pooled estimate > 30% emphasizes the need for screening through antenatal care services and initiate preventive measures to address the deficiency.

Keywords: Meta-analysis; Pregnant women; Systematic review; Vitamin D deficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA chart: Search strategy and selection of studies
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Map showing studies selected from Indian states and their coordinates
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Funnel plot of individual studies selected for meta-analysis
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot showing pooled estimate of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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