Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2021 Oct;23(10):2344-2353.
doi: 10.1111/dom.14477. Epub 2021 Jul 16.

Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

Daniel R Quast  1 , Michael A Nauck  1 , Nina Schenker  1 , Björn A Menge  1 , Christoph Kapitza  2 , Juris J Meier  1   3
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

Daniel R Quast et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Aim: To clarify the distinct effects of a long-acting (liraglutide) and a short-acting (lixisenatide) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) on macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal side effects and pancreas function.

Materials and methods: Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks. Appetite, satiety, macronutrient intake, gastrointestinal symptoms and variables related to pancreatic function and gastric emptying were assessed at baseline and after treatment.

Results: Both GLP-1 RAs reduced macronutrient intake similarly. Weight loss and appetite reduction were not related to the delay in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects (P > .05). Lipase increased significantly with liraglutide treatment (by 18.3 ± 4.1 U/L; P = .0001), but not with lixisenatide (-1.8 ± 2.4 U/L; P = .46). Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05). Changes in lipase activities did not correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms (P > .05 for each variable).

Conclusions: Both GLP-1 RAs comparably affected body weight, energy and macronutrient intake. Both treatments were associated with indicators of improved exocrine pancreas function. Reductions in appetite and body weight as a result of treatment with short- or long-acting GLP-1 RAs are not driven by changes in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects.

Keywords: GLP-1 analogue; appetite control; energy regulation; incretin therapy; liraglutide; type 2 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. van Bloemendaal L, Ijzerman RG, Ten Kulve JS, et al. GLP-1 receptor activation modulates appetite- and reward-related brain areas in humans. Diabetes. 2014;63(12):4186-4196.
    1. Willms B, Werner J, Holst JJ, Orskov C, Creutzfeldt W, Nauck MA. Gastric emptying, glucose responses, and insulin secretion after a liquid test meal: effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide in type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(1):327-332.
    1. Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 and its derivatives in the treatment of diabetes. Regul Pept. 2005;128(2):135-148.
    1. Secher A, Jelsing J, Baquero AF, et al. The arcuate nucleus mediates GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide-dependent weight loss. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(10):4473-4488.
    1. Richard JE, Anderberg RH, Göteson A, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Skibicka KP. Activation of the GLP-1 receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract reduces food reward behavior and targets the mesolimbic system. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119034.

Publication types

Substances

LinkOut - more resources