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Review
. 2021 Apr 8;7(1):e001089.
doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001089. eCollection 2021.

Public health considerations regarding golf during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review

Patrick Gordon Robinson  1 , Charlie Foster  2 , Andrew Murray  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Public health considerations regarding golf during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review

Patrick Gordon Robinson et al. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. .

Abstract

Background: Golf is a sport played worldwide by >60 million people from a variety of backgrounds and abilities. Golf's contribution to physical and mental health benefits are becoming increasingly recognised. Countries have adopted a range of restrictions to playing golf during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: The purpose of this narrative review was to (1) explore the literature related to the possible health benefits and risks of playing golf during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) provide recommendations on golf-related activity from the relevant available literature.

Results: Golf can provide health-enhancing physical activity. Regular physical activity is associated with physical/mental health, immune system and longevity benefits. Sense of belonging and life satisfaction significantly improved when golfing restrictions were relaxed after the first lockdown in the UK. Golf is an outdoor sport, where social distancing is possible, and if rules are followed, risk of COVID-19 transmission is likely to be low.

Conclusions: Policy-makers and governing bodies should support the promotion of golf because participation brings wide ranging benefits for physical health and mental well-being. When effective risk reduction measures are used, the benefits of playing golf in most circumstances outweigh the risk of transmission.

Keywords: COVID-19; golf; health promotion; physical activity; public health.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: AM has paid roles with The R&A, European Tour and Ladies European Tour and is an associate editor at the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

References

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    1. The Royal and Ancient . Golf around the world. The Royal and Ancient, 2019.
    1. Golf & Health Scientific Meeting . The International Congress for golf and health. London, 2018.
    1. National Centre for Social Research . Health survey for England. Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2012.
    1. The Scottish Government . The Scottish health survey. The Scottish Government, 2013.

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