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. 2021 Sep:31:100166.
doi: 10.1016/j.amar.2021.100166. Epub 2021 May 3.

Drinking-and-driving in the United States from 1983-2017: comparing survey and model-based estimates of prevalence

Richard A Dunn  1 , Nathan W Tefft  2
Affiliations

Drinking-and-driving in the United States from 1983-2017: comparing survey and model-based estimates of prevalence

Richard A Dunn et al. Anal Methods Accid Res. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

Although several approaches to estimating prevalence and excess risk exist, each relies on behavioral assumptions that are subject to credible objections. In this article, we compare the assumptions of the most widely accepted approach over the past three decades-results from the National Roadside Survey (NRS)-with a recently revived model-based alternative that estimates these population parameters from the observed distribution of fatal motor vehicle crashes. Comparing estimates of prevalence covering the past four decades, we find that when driver non-response rates in NRS are small, estimates of the prevalence of alcohol-involved driving are nearly identical between methods, suggesting that the underlying behavior assumptions of both models approximately hold. For the past two decades, however, as the rate of driver refusal in the NRS has increased substantially, prevalence estimates between methods have diverged. A counterfactual analysis reveals that the estimates for drinking-and-driving from the model-based approach should be taken as at least as valid as those from the NRS. That is troubling as these methods yield markedly different conclusions about the continued effectiveness of existing traffic safety policy: the NRS finds that the prevalence of drinking-and-driving has fallen monotonically over time, while estimates from the model-based approach suggest that prevalence has plateaued at 15% for the past two decades. More unsettling however, is the conclusion that researchers and policy-makers may know very little about the extent of legally-impaired driving or how it has changed over time.

Keywords: Fatality Analysis Reporting System; National Roadside Survey; drinking-and-driving; externality.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. The relationship between prevalence of nighttime drinking-and-driving and non-participation behavior based on NRS sample prevalence and non-response rates.
Note: Authors’ calculations based on values reported in Ramirez, et al. (2016). The curves represent the implied potential combinations of response rate and prevalence of drinking drivers, based on the observed share of drinking-drivers (P) and the observed share of signaled drivers that provide a breath sample (R) in the NRS, for each sample year.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
The relationship between the estimated prevalence of drinking-and-driving from the LP approach and excess interaction probability based on NRS prevalence.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:. The relationship between prevalence of nighttime impaired driving and non-participation behavior based on NRS sample prevalence and non-response rates.
Note: Authors’ calculations based on values reported in Ramirez, et al. (2016). The curves represent the implied potential combinations of response rate and prevalence of legally impaired drivers, based on the observed share of impaired drivers (P) and the observed share of signaled drivers that provide a breath sample (R) in the NRS, for each sample year.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
The relationship between the estimated prevalence of drinking-and-driving from the LP approach and excess interaction probability based on NRS prevalence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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