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Review
. 2021 Jun 4;22(11):6074.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22116074.

The Impact of Anthocyanins and Iridoids on Transcription Factors Crucial for Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis

Maciej Danielewski  1 , Agnieszka Matuszewska  1 , Adam Szeląg  1 , Tomasz Sozański  1
Affiliations
Review

The Impact of Anthocyanins and Iridoids on Transcription Factors Crucial for Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis

Maciej Danielewski et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Nutrition determines our health, both directly and indirectly. Consumed foods affect the functioning of individual organs as well as entire systems, e.g., the cardiovascular system. There are many different diets, but universal guidelines for proper nutrition are provided in the WHO healthy eating pyramid. According to the latest version, plant products should form the basis of our diet. Many groups of plant compounds with a beneficial effect on human health have been described. Such groups include anthocyanins and iridoids, for which it has been proven that their consumption may lead to, inter alia, antioxidant, cholesterol and lipid-lowering, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. Transcription factors directly affect a number of parameters of cell functions and cellular metabolism. In the context of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, five particularly important transcription factors can be distinguished: liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Both anthocyanins and iridoids may alter the expression of these transcription factors. The aim of this review is to collect and systematize knowledge about the impact of anthocyanins and iridoids on transcription factors crucial for lipid and cholesterol homeostasis.

Keywords: anthocyanins; cholesterol; iridoids; lipids; transcription factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of main anthocyanins’ aglycons.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of main iridoids.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of anthocyanins and iridoids on main transcription factors involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Accessed on 28 May 2021.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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