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. 2021 Jun 7;11(6):1700.
doi: 10.3390/ani11061700.

Estimation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Waste in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Diets Including Different Inorganic Phosphorus Sources

Maria Consolación Milián-Sorribes  1 , Ana Tomás-Vidal  1 , David S Peñaranda  1 , Laura Carpintero  2 , Juan S Mesa  2 , Javier Dupuy  2 , Andrés Donadeu  2 , Judit Macías-Vidal  2 , Silvia Martínez-Llorens  1
Affiliations

Estimation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Waste in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Diets Including Different Inorganic Phosphorus Sources

Maria Consolación Milián-Sorribes et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 ± 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.

Keywords: inorganic phosphorus source; monoammonium phosphate; monosodium/monocalcium phosphate; phosphorus digestibility; rainbow trout.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characterization of commercial phosphates following the European Union Regulation [18] following the proportion of monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium and tricalcium phosphate (DCP and TCP, respectively) and phosphoric acid [20].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between the predicted and observed P digestibility values.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Daily pattern of soluble total ammoniacal N excretion rate (expressed in mg of N-NH4+ per kg of fish biomass and hour) of rainbow trout fed four inorganic P sources. Each point represents the average (±SE) of four tanks. Different superscripts indicate statistically significant differences with p < 0.05. A Newman–Keuls test was used to compare the means. The amount of N excretion was determined based on N-TAN concentration in water every two hours after feeding over a 24-h period.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Daily pattern of soluble total P excretion rate (expressed in mg of P per kg of fish biomass and hour) of rainbow trout fed four inorganic P sources. Each point represents the average (±SE) of four tanks. Different superscripts indicate statistically significant differences with p < 0.05. A Newman–Keuls test was used to compare the means. The amount of P excretion was determined based on the P concentration in water and the water flow every hour after feeding over a 24-h period.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Nutrient mass budget for N and P expressed as a percentage of the amount of dietary nutrient provided to fish. Each point represents the average (±SE) of four tanks. Different superscripts indicate statistically significant differences with p < 0.05. A Newman–Keuls test was used to compare the means.
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