Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jun 8;13(12):1903.
doi: 10.3390/polym13121903.

Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation

Abdullah S Aljamhan  1 , Mohammad H Alrefeai  1 , Alhanouf Alhabdan  1 , Sarah A Alhusseini  1 , Imran Farooq  2 , Fahim Vohra  3 , Mustafa Naseem  4 , Fahad Alkhudhairy  1
Affiliations

Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation

Abdullah S Aljamhan et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) particles on the mechanical properties of experimental adhesive (EA). Furthermore, dentin interaction of EA (without nano-HA) and EA with nano-HA (hereon referred to as HA-10%) were also investigated and equated. Methods consisting of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study nano-HA particles shape, dentin bond strength, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. Ninety teeth (N = 90) were collected, and pre-bonding, conditioning of dentin was performed utilizing phosphoric acid (H3PO4) etching, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ER-CR-YSGG (ECY) laser. The teeth were set to form bonded specimens using two adhesives. Nano-HA particles were spherical-shaped, and EDX confirmed the presence of oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct phosphate and carbonate peaks for nano-HA. The µTBS test demonstrated highest values for HA-10% group on the H3PO4 conditioned dentin. The greatest DC was observed for the EA group. The addition of nano-HA-10 wt.% particles in dentin adhesive resulted in improved bond strength. The incorporation also demonstrated acceptable DC (although lower than EA group), suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.

Keywords: H3PO4; adhesive; hydroxyapatite; laser; photodynamic therapy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM image of HA nanoparticles. These nanoparticles on SEM showed a uniform round shape in mostly agglomerated form with few isolated particles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
EDX element mapping evaluation of the HA nanoparticles. The two figures show evidence of calcium (CA), and phosphorus (P) in the samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of bonded dentin specimen. (A) HA-PDT group specimens showing standard hybrid layer (HL) formation with low to average resin tag formation in dentin. (B) HA-ER group specimens showing classic HL formation with a high number of resin tags. (C) HA-ECY group specimens showing uneven dentin surface and craters (arrows) at the interface with no resin tags and dentin penetration. (D) EA-ECY group specimens displaying craters (arrows) on the dentin surface at the interface with little to no HL and missing resin tags, showing minimal dentin penetration. (E) EA-PDT group specimens showing a low number of resin tags in dentin. (F) EA-ER group specimens showing standard HL and multiple resin tag formation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of bonded dentin specimen. (A) HA-PDT group specimens showing standard hybrid layer (HL) formation with low to average resin tag formation in dentin. (B) HA-ER group specimens showing classic HL formation with a high number of resin tags. (C) HA-ECY group specimens showing uneven dentin surface and craters (arrows) at the interface with no resin tags and dentin penetration. (D) EA-ECY group specimens displaying craters (arrows) on the dentin surface at the interface with little to no HL and missing resin tags, showing minimal dentin penetration. (E) EA-PDT group specimens showing a low number of resin tags in dentin. (F) EA-ER group specimens showing standard HL and multiple resin tag formation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Raman spectra of the HA nanoparticles showing chemical groups identified by Raman analysis that could be identified as phosphate (υ1 PO4 ≈ 960 cm−1) and carbonate group at 1070 cm−1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
CH3 and –CH2 deformations within the EA are represented by peaks between 1410 and 1460 cm−1.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FTIR spectrum of uncured and cured resin adhesives containing HA nanoparticles and control (without nanoparticles). The DC was estimated from 1607 cm−1 and 1638 cm−1 wavenumber.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Tsujimoto A., Barkmeier W.W., Fischer N.G., Nojiri K., Nagura Y., Takamizawa T., Latta M.A., Miazaki M. Wear of resin composites: Current insights into underlying mechanisms, evaluation methods and influential factors. Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev. 2018;54:76–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.11.002. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Opdam N.J., Bronkhorst E.M., Loomans B.A., Huysmans M.C. 12-year survival of composite vs. amalgam restorations. J. Dent. Res. 2010;89:1063–1067. doi: 10.1177/0022034510376071. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bourbia M., Finer Y. Biochemical stability and interactions of dental resin composites and adhesives with host and bacteria in the oral cavity: A review. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 2018;84:i1. - PubMed
    1. Leitune V.C., Collares F.M., Trommer R.M., Andrioli D.G., Bergmann C.P., Samuel S.M. The addition of nanostructured hydroxyapatite to an experimental adhesive resin. J. Dent. 2013;41:321–327. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.01.001. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sofan E., Sofan A., Palaia G., Tenore G., Romeo U., Migliau G. Classification review of dental adhesive systems: From the IV generation to the universal type. Ann. Stomatol. 2017;8:1–17. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources