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. 2021 Jun 8;9(6):621.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060621.

Investigation of Post Vaccination Reactions of Two Live Attenuated Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle

Zahra Bamouh  1   2 , Jihane Hamdi  1   2 , Siham Fellahi  2 , Slimane Khayi  3 , Mohammed Jazouli  1 , Khalid Omari Tadlaoui  1 , Ouafaa Fassi Fihri  2 , Eeva Tuppurainen  4 , Mehdi Elharrak  1
Affiliations

Investigation of Post Vaccination Reactions of Two Live Attenuated Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle

Zahra Bamouh et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes an economically important disease in cattle. The only method for successful control is early diagnosis and efficient vaccination. Adverse effects of vaccination such as local inflammation at the injection site and localized or generalized skin lesions in some vaccinated animals have been reported with live vaccines. The aim of this work was to compare the safety of two lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccine strains, Kenyan (Kn) Sheep and Goat Pox (KSGP O-240) and LSDV Neethling (Nt) strain, and to determine the etiology of the post-vaccination (pv) reactions observed in cattle. Experimental cattle were vaccinated under controlled conditions with Nt- and KSGP O-240-based vaccines, using two different doses, and animals were observed for 3 months for any adverse reactions. Three out of 45 cattle vaccinated with LSDV Nt strain (6.7%) and three out of 24 cattle vaccinated with Kn strain (12.5%) presented LSD-like skin nodules, providing evidence that the post-vaccination lesions may not be strain-dependent. Lesions appeared 1-3 weeks after vaccination and were localized in the neck or covering the whole body. Animals recovered after 3 weeks. There is a positive correlation between the vaccine dose and the appearance of skin lesions in vaccinated animals; at the 105 dose, 12% of the animals reacted versus 3.7% at the 104 dose. Both strains induced solid immunity when protection was measured by neutralizing antibody seroconversion.

Keywords: Neethling disease; cattle; lumpy skin disease virus; safety; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Capripoxvirus RNA polymerase subunit gene (RPO30). The RPO30 sequence obtained in this study was marked with red circle shaped symbols.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of KSGP O-240 strain based on the Capripoxvirus G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene. The GPCR sequence obtained in this study was marked with red circle shaped symbols.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average temperature of animals of G1 vaccinated with low dose of Neethling strain, G2 vaccinated with high dose of Neethling strain, G3 vaccinated with low dose of Kenyan strain, and G4 vaccinated with high dose of Kenya strain.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Localized skin lesions in the neck seen in cattle vaccinated with Neethling strain (G2). (b) Localized skin lesions in thighs regions and perineum seen in cattle vaccinated with Kenya strain (G4). Arrows show skin lesions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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