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Review
. 2021 Jun 23;13(13):3142.
doi: 10.3390/cancers13133142.

Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

Alissa Groenendijk  1 , Filippo Spreafico  2 , Ronald R de Krijger  1   3 , Jarno Drost  1   4 , Jesper Brok  5   6 , Daniela Perotti  7 , Harm van Tinteren  1 , Rajkumar Venkatramani  8 , Jan Godziński  9   10 , Christian Rübe  11 , James I Geller  12 , Norbert Graf  13 , Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink  1 , Annelies M C Mavinkurve-Groothuis  1
Affiliations
Review

Prognostic Factors for Wilms Tumor Recurrence: A Review of the Literature

Alissa Groenendijk et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

In high-income countries, the overall survival of children with Wilms tumors (WT) is ~90%. However, overall, 15% of patients experience tumor recurrence. The adverse prognostic factors currently used for risk stratification (advanced stage, high risk histology, and combined loss of heterozygosity at 1p and 16q in chemotherapy-naïve WTs) are present in only one third of these cases, and the significance of these factors is prone to change with advancing knowledge and improved treatment regimens. Therefore, we present a comprehensive, updated overview of the published prognostic variables for WT recurrence, ranging from patient-, tumor- and treatment-related characteristics to geographic and socioeconomic factors. Improved first-line treatment regimens based on clinicopathological characteristics and advancing knowledge on copy number variations unveil the importance of further investigating the significance of biological markers for WT recurrence in international collaborations.

Keywords: Wilms tumor; pediatric; prognosis; recurrence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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