Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10-90%), extraction temperature (20-80 °C), extraction time (10-60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

Keywords: Sideritis; UAE; extraction optimization; hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives; phenolics.

Figure 1

Response surfaces showing the combined effect of parameters on total phenolic content (TP).

Figure 2

Response surfaces showing the combined effect of parameters on 4′-O-methylhypolaetin-7-O-[6‴-O-acetyl-β-d-allopyranosyl (1 → 2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (HYP).

Figure 3

Response surfaces showing the combined effect of parameters on isoscutellarein 7-O-[6‴-O-acetyl-β-d-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (ISC 1).

Figure 4

Response surfaces showing the combined effect of parameters on 4′-O-methylisoscutellarein-7-O-[6‴-O-acetyl-β-d-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (ISC 2).